1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole beta-lactamase inhibitors

ABSTRACT

β-Lactamase inhibitor compounds (BLIs) are disclosed, including compounds that have activity against class A, class C or class D β-lactamases. Methods of manufacturing the BLIs, and uses of the compounds in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions and antibacterial applications are also disclosed.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.61/618,131, filed Mar. 30, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Application No.61/790,579, filed Mar. 15, 2013. The entire contents of theseapplications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure is directed to β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) which areeffective as inhibitors of β-lactamases and, when used in combinationwith β-lactam antibiotics are useful in the treatment of bacterialinfections. The compounds when combined with a β-lactam antibiotic areeffective in treating infections caused by bacteria that are resistantto β-lactam antibiotics due to the presence of β-lactamases.Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of usingsuch compounds, and processes for preparing such compounds are alsodisclosed.

BACKGROUND

Bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, especially inGram-negative bacteria, is most commonly mediated by β-lactamases.β-lactamases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the β-lactamring, which inactivates the antibacterial activity of the β-lactamantibiotic and allows the bacteria to become resistant. Inhibition ofthe β-lactamase with a BLI slows or prevents degradation of the β-lactamantibiotic and restores β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility toβ-lactamase producing bacteria. Many of these β-lactamases are noteffectively inhibited by BLIs currently on the market rendering theβ-lactam antibiotics ineffective in treating bacteria that produce theseβ-lactamases. There is an urgent need for novel BLIs that inhibitβ-lactamases that are not effectively inhibited by the current clinicalBLIs (e.g. KPC, class C and class D β-lactamases) and that could be usedin combination with β-lactam antibiotics to treat infections caused byβ-lactam resistant bacteria.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention provides, in one aspect, compounds of chemicalformula (I), or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, which areBLIs and are useful in combination with β-lactam antibiotics for thetreatment of bacterial infections.

wherein X is selected from O and S;

R is selected from

and,

R¹ is selected from:

-   -   a. hydrogen;    -   b.

-   -   -   wherein R² is selected from

-   -   -   wherein each of R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently selected from            hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)-alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocycloalkyl, and            hydroxyalkyl, and n is selected from 1, 2 and 3;

    -   C.

-   -   -   wherein R⁶ is H, (C₂-C₃) alkylamino, and

-   -   d. amino;    -   e.

-   -   -   wherein R⁷ is selected from H, (C₁-C₃)-unsubstituted alkyl,            amino-(C₂-C₃)-alkyl, amino cyclo alkyl, hydroxyalkyl,        -   and

-   -   -   and each of p and q is independently selected from 1 and 2;            and

    -   f. —CH(R⁸)CH₂NH₂        -   wherein R⁸ is selected from amino and hydroxyl.

In another aspect, the invention provides compounds of chemical Formula(A-I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are BLIs andare useful in combination with β-lactam antibiotics for the treatment ofbacterial infections.

wherein X* is selected from O and S;

R* is selected from

and

R^(1*) is selected from:

-   -   a. hydrogen;    -   b.

-   -    wherein R^(2*) is selected from

-   -   -   R^(3*) is selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)-alkyl, aminoalkyl,            aminocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,

-   -   -    each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is independently            selected from hydrogen or (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, aminoalkyl,            aminocycloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl, provided that at least            one of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is hydrogen,        -   n is selected from 1, 2, 3 and 4, and        -   m is selected from 1, 2 and 3;

    -   c.

-   -   -   wherein R^(8*) is selected from NH₂,

-   -   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as            described previously and each of R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ is            independently selected from hydrogen or (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,            provided that at least one of R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ is hydrogen;

    -   d. amino;

    -   e.

-   -   -   wherein Z is selected from CR¹²R¹³ or NR¹⁴,        -   each of R¹² and R¹³ is independently selected from H, NH₂            and

-   -   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as described            previously,        -   alternatively, R¹² and R¹³ together with the carbon to which            they are attached, form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring            containing 4-6 ring members,        -   R¹⁴ is selected from H and

-   -   -    wherein each of R¹⁵, R¹⁶ and        -   R¹⁷ is independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,            aminoalkyl, aminocycloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl, provided that            at least one of R¹⁵, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ is hydrogen,        -   R¹⁸ is selected from NH₂ and

-   -   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*),        -   R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as described previously,        -   each of p* and q* is independently selected from 0, 1, 2 and            3,        -   T is selected from NH and O        -   t is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, and        -   each of r and y is independently selected from 0 and 1;

    -   f.

-   -   -   wherein R¹⁹ is selected from NH₂ and

-   -   -    wherein each of        -   R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is as described            previously,        -   R²⁰ is selected from amino and hydroxyl, and        -   w is selected from 0 and 1;

    -   g.

-   -   h.

-   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is as        described previously;    -   i.

-   -   -   wherein R²¹ is selected from NH₂, —NH(C₁-C₃)-alkyl and

-   -   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is as described            previously,        -   is selected from 0 and 1, and        -   v is selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

    -   j.

-   -   k.

-   -   -   wherein M is selected from NR²², CR²³R²⁴ and O,        -   wherein R²² is H or

-   -   -    wherein each of R¹⁵, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ is as described            previously,        -   each of R²³ and R²⁴ is independently selected from H, NH₂            and

-   -   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as            described previously, and        -   u is selected from 0, 1 and 2;

    -   l.

-   -   m.

-   -    and    -   n.

In one embodiment, the invention provides use of a compound of Formula Ifor inhibiting β-lactamases.

In one embodiment, the invention provides use of a compound of FormulaA-I for inhibiting β-lactamases.

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I withhigh binding affinity for β-lactamase enzymes.

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula A-I withhigh binding affinity for β-lactamase enzymes.

In one embodiment, the present invention also provides antibacterialcompositions comprising compounds of Formula I and at least one β-lactamantibiotic.

In one embodiment, the present invention also provides antibacterialcompositions comprising compounds of Formula A-I and at least oneβ-lactam antibiotic.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising compounds of Formula I and at least one β-lactamantibiotic and methods of use thereof.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising compounds of Formula A-I and at least oneβ-lactam antibiotic and methods of use thereof.

In one embodiment, the invention provides methods of use of thecompounds of Formula I to treat bacterial infections in a subject.

In one embodiment, the invention provides methods of use of thecompounds of Formula A-I to treat bacterial infections in a subject.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-1I show Table I, Representative Compounds of Formula A-II FIGS.2A-2G show Table II, Standard BLI potentiation MIC assay against a panelof isogenic and clinical strains expressing β-lactamases.

FIGS. 3A-3F show Table III, the synergy MIC of representative compoundsof Formula II-A against a panel of isogenic and clinical strainsexpressing β-lactamases.

FIGS. 4A-4C show Table IV, an assay to determine inhibition kinetics ofrepresentative compounds of Formula II-A for the KPC-2 ⊖-lactamase.

FIGS. 5A-5B show Table V, Synergy MIC of Comparator Compounds Against aPanel of Isogenic and Clinical Strains Expressing β-lactamases

FIG. 6 shows Table VI, Standard BLI Potentiation MIC Assay of CompoundsPartnered with CXA-101 Against a Panel of Isogenic and Clinical StrainsExpressing β-Lactamases

FIG. 7 shows Table VII, Standard BLI Potentiation MIC Assay of CompoundsPartnered with Ceftazidime Against a Panel of Isogenic and ClinicalStrains Expressing β-Lactamases

FIG. 8 shows Table VIII, Standard BLI Potentiation MIC Assay ofCompounds Partnered with Aztreonam Against a Panel of Isogenic andClinical Strains Expressing β-Lactamases

FIG. 9 shows Table IX, Standard BLI Potentiation MIC Assay of CompoundsPartnered with Meropenem Against a Panel of Isogenic and ClinicalStrains Expressing β-Lactamases

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

Molecular terms, when used in this application, have their commonmeaning unless otherwise specified.

The term “alkyl” is defined as a linear or branched, saturated radicalhaving one to about twenty carbon atoms unless otherwise specified.Preferred alkyl radicals are “lower alkyl” radicals having one to aboutfive carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, without limitation,methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl, isopropyl, and hexyl. A subset of the termalkyl is “(C₁-C₃)-unsubstituted alkyl” which is defined as an alkylgroup that bears no substituent groups. Examples of(C₁-C₃)-unsubstituted alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl andisopropyl. It is understood that if a (C₁-C₃)-alkyl is “substituted”that one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substitutent.

The term amino denotes a NH₂ radical.

The term “aminoalkyl” denotes an alkyl in which one or more of the alkylhydrogen atoms has been replaced by an amino group.

The term “aminocycloalkyl” denotes a cycloalkyl in which one of thecycloalkyl hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an amino group.

The term “cycloalkyl” or “cycloalkyl ring” is defined as a saturated orpartially unsaturated carbocyclic ring in a single or fused carbocyclicring system having from three to twelve ring members. In a preferredembodiment, a cycloalkyl is a ring system having three to seven ringmembers. Examples of a cycloalkyl group include, without limitation,cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.

The term “hydroxyalkyl” denotes an alkyl radical in which one or more ofthe alkyl hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydroxyl group.

It will be understood by one of skill in the art that a

or —denote the point of attachment of a substituent group where indicated.For example

or —C(O)NHR⁵

represent that the point of attachment of the amide moiety is at thecarbonyl carbon.

The functional classification of β-lactamases and terms “Class A”,“Class C”, and “Class D” β-lactamases are understood by one of skill inthe art and are described in “Updated Functional Classification ofβ-Lactamases”, Bush, K.; Jacoby, G. A.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.2010, 54, 969-976, herein incorporated by reference.

The salts of the compounds of the invention include acid addition saltsand base addition salts. In a one embodiment, the salt is apharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula I. The term“pharmaceutically acceptable salts” embraces salts commonly used to formalkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or freebases. The nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it ispharmaceutically-acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acidaddition salts of the compounds of the invention may be prepared from aninorganic acid or an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acidsinclude, without limitation, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic,nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Examples of appropriateorganic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic,arylaliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organicacids, examples of which include, without limitation, formic, acetic,propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, maleic, embonic (pamoic),methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, pantothenic,benzenesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, mesylic,cyclohexylaminosulfonic, stearic, algenic, β-hydroxybutyric, malonic,galactic, and galacturonic acid. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptablebase addition salts of compounds of the invention include, but are notlimited to, metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium,magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made fromN,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine,ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, lysine and procaine. All of thesesalts may be prepared by conventional means from the correspondingcompound of the invention by treating, for example, the compound of theinvention with the appropriate acid or base.

The compounds of the invention can possess one or more asymmetric carbonatoms and are thus capable of existing in the form of optical isomers aswell as in the form of racemic or non-racemic mixtures thereof. Thecompounds of the invention can be utilized in the present invention as asingle isomer or as a mixture of stereochemical isomeric forms.Diastereoisomers, i.e., nonsuperimposable stereochemical isomers, can beseparated by conventional means such as chromatography, distillation,crystallization or sublimation. The optical isomers can be obtained byresolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes,for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts by treatment with anoptically active acid or base. Examples of appropriate acids include,without limitation, tartaric, diacetyltartaric, dibenzoyltartaric,ditoluoyltartaric and camphorsulfonic acid. The mixture of diastereomerscan be separated by crystallization followed by liberation of theoptically active bases from the optically active salts. An alternativeprocess for separation of optical isomers includes the use of a chiralchromatography column optimally chosen to maximize the separation of theenantiomers. Still another available method involves synthesis ofcovalent diastereoisomeric molecules by treating compounds of theinvention with an optically pure acid in an activated form or anoptically pure isocyanate. The synthesized diastereoisomers can beseparated by conventional means such as chromatography, distillation,crystallization or sublimation, and then hydrolyzed to obtain theenantiomerically pure compound. The optically active compounds of theinvention can likewise be obtained by utilizing optically activestarting materials. These isomers may be in the form of a free acid, afree base, an ester or a salt.

Compounds described herein also include isotopically-labeled compoundswherein one or more atoms is replaced by an atom having the same atomicnumber, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic massor mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes suitablefor inclusion in the compounds described herein include and are notlimited to ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ¹⁸F, ¹²³I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O,¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³²P, and ³⁵S. In one embodiment, isotopically-labeledcompounds are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distributionstudies. In another embodiment, substitution with heavier isotopes suchas deuterium affords greater metabolic stability (for example, increasedin vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements). In yet anotherembodiment, substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as ¹¹C,¹⁸F, ¹⁵O and ¹³N, is useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET)studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy. Isotopically-labeledcompounds are prepared by any suitable method or by processes using anappropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeledreagent otherwise employed.

The invention also embraces isolated compounds. An isolated compoundrefers to a compound which represents at least 10%, such as at least20%, such as at least 50% and further such as at least 80% of thecompound present in the mixture. In one embodiment, the compound, apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising the compound exhibits detectable (i.e.statistically significant) activity when tested in conventionalbiological assays such as those described herein.

β-Lactamase Inhibitors (BLIs)

In one aspect, the invention provides compounds of Formula I orpharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof:

The substituent X of Formula I is selected from O and S. In one aspectof the invention X is S. In another aspect of the invention X is O.

Substituent R of Formula I is selected from

In a preferred embodiment, R is

The group R¹ of Formula I is selected from:

-   -   a. hydrogen;    -   b.

-   -   -   wherein R² is selected from

-   -   -   wherein each of R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently selected from            hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)-alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocycloalkyl, and            hydroxyalkyl, and n is selected from 1, 2 and 3;

    -   c.

-   -   -   wherein R⁶ is H, (C₂-C₃) alkylamino, and

-   -   d. amino;    -   e.

-   -   -   wherein R⁷ is selected from H, (C₁-C₃)-unsubstituted alkyl,            amino-(C₂-C₃)-alkyl, amino cyclo alkyl, hydroxyalkyl,        -   and

-   -   -   each of p and q is independently selected from 1 and 2; and

    -   f. —CH(R⁸)CH₂NH₂        -   wherein R⁸ is selected from amino and hydroxyl.

In one aspect of the invention n is 1. In another aspect of theinvention n is 2. In another aspect of the invention n is 3.

In one aspect of the invention R¹ is selected from H, —CH₂NH₂,—CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CONH₂, —NH₂, —CH(OH)CH₂NH₂, —CH(NH₂)CH₂NH₂,—CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂,

In one embodiment of the invention R¹ is selected from H and

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention areof the stereochemistry disclosed in Formula II.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is H.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —CH₂NH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —CH₂CH₂NH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —CONH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —NH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —CH(OH)CH₂NH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —CH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂NH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —CH(NH₂)CH₂NH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is S, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is —CH₂CH₂NH₂.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is S, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula IIand X is O, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

In another embodiment of the invention, the compound is of Formula andII X is S, R is —OSO₃H and R¹ is

Preferred compounds of Formula I are the compounds:

It will be understood by one of skill in the art that depending on thenature of R¹ and R, compounds of Formula I may exist in a salt orzwitterionic form.

In one aspect, the invention provides compounds of Formula A-I orpharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof:

The substituent X* of Formula A-I is selected from O and S. In oneaspect of the invention X* is S. In another aspect of the invention X*is O.

Substituent R* of Formula A-I is selected from

In a preferred embodiment, R* is

The group R^(1*) of Formula I is selected from:

-   -   a. hydrogen;    -   b.

-   -   R^(2*) is selected from

-   -   R^(3*) is selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)-alkyl, aminoalkyl,        aminocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,

-   -   each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is independently        selected from hydrogen or (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, aminoalkyl,        aminocycloalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl, provided that at least one of        R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is hydrogen,    -   n is selected from 1, 2, 3 and 4, and    -   m is selected from 1, 2 and 3;    -   c.

-   -   wherein R^(8*) is selected from NH₂,

-   -   wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as described        previously and each of R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ is independently        selected from hydrogen or (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, provided that at least        one of R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ is hydrogen;    -   d. amino;    -   e.

-   -   Z is selected from CR¹²R¹³ or NR¹⁴,    -   each of R¹² and R¹³ is independently selected from H, NH₂ and

-   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as described        previously,    -   alternatively, R¹² and R¹³ together with the carbon to which        they are attached, form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring        containing 4-6 ring members,    -   R¹⁴ is selected from H and

-   -    each of R¹⁵, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ is independently selected from        hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocycloalkyl, and        hydroxyalkyl, provided that at least one of R¹⁵, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ is        hydrogen,    -   R¹⁸ is selected from NH₂ and

-   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*),    -   R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as described previously,    -   each of p* and q* is independently selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3,    -   T is selected from NH and O    -   t is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, and    -   each of r and y is independently selected from 0 and 1;    -   f.

-   -   wherein R¹⁹ is selected from NH₂ and

-   -    wherein each of    -   R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is as described previously,    -   R²⁰ is selected from amino and hydroxyl, and    -   w is selected from 0 and 1;    -   g.

-   -   h.

-   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is as described        previously;    -   i.

-   -    wherein R²¹ is selected from NH₂, —NH(C₁-C₃)-alkyl and

-   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*) is as        described previously,    -   s is selected from 0 and 1, and    -   v is selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;    -   j.

-   -   k.

-   -    wherein M is selected from NR²², CR²³R²⁴ and O,    -   wherein R²² is H and

-   -    wherein each of R¹⁵, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ is as described previously,    -   each of R²³ and R²⁴ is independently selected from H, NH₂ and

-   -    wherein each of R^(4*), R^(5*), R^(6*) and R^(7*)is as        described previously, and    -   u is selected from 0, 1 and 2;    -   l.

-   -   m.

-   -    and    -   n.

In one aspect of the invention R^(1*) is selected from H.

In one embodiment of the invention R^(1*) is selected from

In one embodiment of the invention R^(1*) is selected from H,

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention areof the stereochemistry disclosed in Formula A-II.

In another embodiment of the invention, X*, R* and R^(1*) are chosenfrom the substituents listed in Table I (See FIG. 1).

Preferred compounds of Formula A-I are

It will be understood by one of skill in the art that depending on thenature of R^(1*) and R*, compounds of Formula I may exist in a salt orzwitterionic form.

Enzyme Inhibition and Binding Affinity

The compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compoundsof Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) areeffective in inhibiting β-lactamase. In one aspect of the invention thecompounds of Table I are effective β-lactamase inhibitors.

In one aspect the compound

is effective in inhibiting β-lactamase.

In one aspect the compound

is effective in inhibiting β-lactamase.

In one aspect the compound

is effective in inhibiting β-lactamase.

In one aspect the compound

is effective in inhibiting β-lactamase.

In one aspect the compound

is effective in inhibiting β-lactamase.

When used in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, the compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) potentiate theactivity of the β-lactam antibiotic against microorganisms that arenormally resistant to β-lactam antibiotics due to the presence of aβ-lactamase or multiple β-lactamases.

In one aspect of the invention the compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) inhibit β-lactamases selected from classA, class C or class D β-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention thecompounds of Formula I, inhibit β-lactamases selected from class A,class C or class D β-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention thecompounds of Formula A-I inhibit β-lactamases selected from class A,class C or class D β-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention thecompounds of Formula II inhibit β-lactamases selected from class A,class C or class D β-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention thecompounds of Formula A-II inhibit β-lactamases selected from class A,class C or class D β-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention thecompounds of Table I inhibit β-lactamases selected from class A, class Cor class D β-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention the compound ofthe Formula

inhibits β-lactamases selected from class A, class C or class Dβ-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention the compound of the Formula

inhibits β-lactamases selected from class A, class C or class Dβ-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention the compound of the Formula

inhibits β-lactamases selected from class A, class C or class Dβ-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention the compound of the Formula

inhibits β-lactamases selected from class A, class C or class Dβ-lactamases. In one aspect of the invention the compound of the Formula

inhibits β-lactamases selected from class A, class C or class Dβ-lactamases. Class A β-lactamases for example, include, but are notlimited to, TEM, SHV, CTX-M, KPC, GES, VEB, SME, and GEX. In a preferredaspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention (e.g. compoundsof Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II,compounds of Formula A-II) inhibit KPC β-lactamases. In a preferredaspect of the invention, the compounds of Formula I inhibit KPCβ-lactamases. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the compounds ofFormula A-I inhibit KPC β-lactamases. In a preferred aspect of theinvention, the compounds of Formula II inhibit KPC β-lactamases. In apreferred aspect of the invention, the compounds of Formula A-II inhibitKPC β-lactamases. More preferably the compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) inhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamases. Morepreferably the compounds of Formula I inhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3β-lactamases. More preferably the compounds of Formula A-I inhibit KPC-2or KPC-3 β-lactamases. More preferably the compounds of Formula IIinhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamases. More preferably the compounds ofFormula A-II inhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamases. In one aspect of theinvention, the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) inhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamases in clinical strains (FIG. 2,Table II and FIGS. 6-9, Tables VI-IX). In one aspect of the invention,the compounds of Formula I inhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamases inclinical strains (FIG. 2, Table II and FIGS. 6-9, Tables VI-IX). In oneaspect of the invention, the compounds of Formula A-I inhibit KPC-2 orKPC-3 β-lactamases in clinical strains (FIG. 2, Table II and FIGS. 6-9,Tables VI-IX). In one aspect of the invention, the compounds of FormulaII inhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamases in clinical strains (FIG. 2,Table II and FIGS. 6-9, Tables VI-IX). In one aspect of the invention,the compounds of Formula A-II inhibit KPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamases inclinical strains (FIG. 2, Table II and FIGS. 6-9, Tables VI-IX). Class Cβ-lactamases for example, include, but are not limited to chromosomalAmpCs, and plasmid based ACC, DHA, CMY, FOX, ACT, MIR, LAT, MOXβ-lactamases. Class D β-lactamase enzymes, for example, include, but arenot limited to oxacillinases or OXA β-lactamases. In a preferred aspectof the invention, the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) inhibit OXA-15 β-lactamases. In a preferred aspect ofthe invention, the compounds of Formula I inhibit OXA-15 β-lactamases.In a preferred aspect of the invention, the compounds of Formula A-Iinhibit OXA-15 β-lactamases. In a preferred aspect of the invention, thecompounds of Formula II inhibit OXA-15 β-lactamases. In a preferredaspect of the invention, the compounds of Formula A-II inhibit OXA-15β-lactamases.

Unless otherwise indicated, the activity of the BLI compounds can bedescribed by the MIC value obtained from a Synergy MIC assay or a BLIpotentiation assay (e.g as described herein), both of which are run inthe presence of a β-lactam. The lower the sMIC or MIC value the moreactive the BLI, regardless of the mechanism of action of the BLIcompound (e.g., including inhibition of β-lactamases by the BLI or anyother mechanism of action or combination of mechanisms of action). ThesMIC and BLI potentiation assay data supports that the compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) potentiate (i.e.make more potent) the activity of the β-lactam antibiotic againstβ-lactamase producing strains by inhibiting the β-lactamase.

In one embodiment, the BLI activity is measured by growth inhibition ofa β-lactamase producing bacterial strains in a Synergy MIC (sMIC) assay.Preferably, the sMIC value for the compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) is 8 μg/mL or less. In a more preferredaspect of the invention, the sMIC value for the compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) is 4 μg/mL to 8μg/mL. In an even more preferred aspect of the invention, the sMIC valuefor the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) is 1 to 2 μg/mL. In a still more preferred aspect of theinvention, the sMIC value for the compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) is 0.2 to 0.5 μg/mL. Synergy MICs forrepresentative compounds of the invention are described in Table III(See FIG. 3). It will be understood by one of skill in the art that thegrowth inhibition of β-lactamase producing strains can also be measuredby a checkerboard synergy assay like that disclosed in InternationalPatent Application Number WO 2008/039420 or a standard BLI potentiationassay using a fixed concentration of BLI.

In one embodiment, the BLI activity is measured by growth inhibition ofa β-lactamase producing bacterial strains in a standard BLI potentiationassay using a fixed concentration of BLI. Preferably, the MIC value forthe compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compoundsof Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) is 8μg/mL or less. In a more preferred aspect of the invention, the MICvalue for the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) is 4 to 8 μg/mL. In an even more preferred aspect of theinvention, the MIC value for the compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) is 1 to 2 μg/mL. In a still morepreferred aspect of the invention, the MIC value for the compounds ofthe invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) is 0.2 μg/mL to 0.5μg/mL.

The compounds of the present invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) have a broad spectrum of activity across a wide variety ofβ-lactamase producing bacteria. It was surprisingly found that thecompounds of the present invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) are active in potentiating activity of β-lactam antibiotics, inparticular, Ceftolozane, against strains expressing class D β-lactamaseOXA-15 β-lactamase. Currently marketed BLIs inhibit most of the class Aβ-lactamases, but poorly inhibit class A KPC β-lactamases and class Cβ-lactamases and have variable success in inhibiting penicillinase andcarbapenemase-type class D β-lactamases. The compounds of the presentinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) are active against awide variety of bacterial strains that express class A and Cβ-lactamases and also, surprisingly are active against bacterial strainsthat express the class D cephalosporinase OXA-15 (Tables II and III).This increased activity against the class D β-lactamase is criticalbecause differential effectiveness against different types ofβ-lactamase producing bacteria is necessary in order to effectively useβ-lactam antibiotics to treat resistant strains of bacteria (videinfra).

In one embodiment, the compounds the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) are unexpectedly more active against bacterial strainsthat express OXA-15 β-lactamases than the most structurally similarcompound, Avibactam (comparator compound CCC). Compounds that are moreactive than Avibactam against bacterial strains that express the class Dcephalosporinase OXA-15 are, for example, compounds 701, 702, 703, 704,705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 719,720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733,734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747,748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761,762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 776,777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 792, 794, 795 and 797.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) are unexpectedly more active against and/or showbroader spectrum of activity against bacterial strains that express KPCβ-lactamases than the most structurally similar compound, Avibactam.Compounds that are more active than Avibactam for at least one,bacterial strain that expresses KPC β-lactamase and/or show a betterspectrum of activity against bacterial strains that express KPCβ-lactamases than Avibactam are, for example, compounds 701, 702, 703,705, 706, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712714, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 726, 727,728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742,743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 758,759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 770, 771, 772, 774,775, 776, 777, 779, 782, 783, 784, 786, 794, and 795.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) have high binding affinity for theβ-lactamase enzyme. Consequently these compounds are better inhibitorsof the β-lactamase enzyme. The inhibition kinetics of the compounds ofthe invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) was measuredaccording to the procedure outlined in Example 102. The compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) have a high bindingaffinity for the β-lactamase enzyme.

In one embodiment the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) have a binding affinity of 1000-5000 mM⁻¹s⁻¹.

In one embodiment the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) have a binding affinity of 100-999 mM⁻¹s⁻¹. Compoundsthat have a binding affinity of 100-999 mM⁻¹s⁻¹ are, for example,compounds 701, 702, 703, 705, 706, 707, 709, 711, 712, 713, 714, 720,730, 740, 741, 742, 743, 745, 746, 748, 749, 752, 753, 767, 770, 775,779, 781, 782, 785, 794, 798 (Table IV).

In one embodiment the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) have a binding affinity of 1-99 mM⁻¹s⁻¹. Compounds thathave a binding affinity of 1-99 mM⁻¹s⁻¹ are, for example, compounds 704,706, 708, 710, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726,727, 728, 729, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 744, 747,750, 751, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765,766, 769, 771, 772, 773, 774, 776, 777, 778, 780, 783, 784, 786, 792,796, and 797 (Table IV).

It was surprisingly found that the compounds of the present inventionhave a higher binding affinity for the β-lactamase enzyme than theclosest structural comparator Avibactam (Table IV, See FIG. 4).

The compounds of the invention were also shown to be better BLIs thanother comparator compounds as shown in FIG. 5.

Pharmaceutical Compositions Comprising the Compounds of the Inventionand Use Thereof

Another object of the invention is pharmaceutical compositions orformulations comprising compounds the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II), or salts thereof, preferably further comprising aβ-lactam antibiotic. In one embodiment of the invention ispharmaceutical compositions or formulations comprising compounds ofFormula I, or salts thereof, preferably further comprising a β-lactamantibiotic. In one embodiment of the invention is pharmaceuticalcompositions or formulations comprising compounds of Formula A-I, orsalts thereof, preferably further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic. Inone embodiment of the invention is pharmaceutical compositions orformulations comprising compounds of Formula II, or salts thereof,preferably further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic. In one embodimentof the invention is pharmaceutical compositions or formulationscomprising compounds of Formula A-II, or salts thereof, preferablyfurther comprising a β-lactam antibiotic. In one embodiment of theinvention is pharmaceutical compositions or formulations comprisingcompounds of Table I. In one embodiment of the invention ispharmaceutical compositions or formulations comprising compounds ofFormula

or salts thereof, preferably further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic.In one embodiment of the invention is pharmaceutical compositions orformulations comprising compounds of Formula

or salts thereof, preferably further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic.In one embodiment the invention is pharmaceutical compositions orformulations comprising compounds of Formula

or salts thereof, preferably further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic.In one embodiment of the invention is pharmaceutical compositions orformulations comprising compounds of Formula

or salts thereof, preferably further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic.In one embodiment of the invention is pharmaceutical compositions orformulations comprising compounds of Formula

or salts thereof, preferably further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic.

The pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for oral, intravenous,intramuscular, subcutaneous or parenteral administration for thetherapeutic or prophylactic treatment of diseases, such as bacterialinfections. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated forintravenous administration.

The pharmaceutical preparations disclosed herein may be prepared inaccordance with standard procedures and are administered at dosages thatare selected to reduce, prevent or eliminate infection (see, e.g.,Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton,Pa. and Goodman and Gilman's “The Pharmaceutical Basis of Therapeutics,”Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y., the contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference, for a general description of the methods foradministering various antimicrobial agents for human therapy).

The pharmaceutical compositions can comprise one or more of thecompounds disclosed herein (e.g. one or more compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II, inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, in association with one or morenontoxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/oradjuvants and/or excipients. As used herein, the phrase“pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier” refers to any and all solvents,dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents,isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, that arecompatible with pharmaceutical administration. The use of such media andagents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art.Non-limiting examples of carriers and excipients include corn starch orgelatin, lactose, sucrose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol,dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride and alginic acid. The compositionsmay contain croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, cornstarch, sodium starch glycolate and alginic acid.

Tablet binders that can be included are acacia, methylcellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (Povidone), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sucrose, starch and ethylcellulose.

Lubricants that can be used include magnesium stearate or other metallicstearates, stearic acid, silicone fluid, talc, waxes, oils and colloidalsilica.

Flavoring agents such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, cherryflavoring or the like can also be used. It may also be desirable to adda coloring agent to make the dosage form more aesthetic in appearance orto help identify the product.

For oral or parenteral administration, compounds of the presentinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) preferably acompound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II, in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic, can be mixed with conventional pharmaceutical carriers andexcipients and used in the form of tablets, capsules, elixirs,suspensions, syrups, wafers and the like. The compositions comprising acompound of this invention may contain from about 0.1% to about 99% byweight of the active compound, such as from about 10% to about 30%.

For oral use, solid formulations such as tablets and capsules areuseful. Sustained release or enterically coated preparations may also bedevised. For pediatric and geriatric applications, one embodimentprovides suspensions, syrups and chewable tablets. For oraladministration, the pharmaceutical compositions are in the form of, forexample, a tablet, capsule, suspension or liquid.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be made in the form of a dosage unitcontaining a therapeutically-effective amount of the active ingredient.Examples of such dosage units are tablets and capsules. For therapeuticpurposes, the tablets and capsules which can contain, in addition to theactive ingredient, conventional carriers such as binding agents, forexample, acacia gum, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sorbitol, ortragacanth; fillers, for example, calcium phosphate, glycine, lactose,maize-starch, sorbitol, or sucrose; lubricants, for example, magnesiumstearate, polyethylene glycol, silica, or talc; disintegrants, forexample, potato starch, flavoring or coloring agents, or acceptablewetting agents. Oral liquid preparations generally are in the form ofaqueous or oily solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs,preparations of the invention may contain conventional additives such assuspending agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous agents,preservatives, coloring agents and flavoring agents. Non-limitingexamples of additives for liquid preparations include acacia, almondoil, ethyl alcohol, fractionated coconut oil, gelatin, glucose syrup,glycerin, hydrogenated edible fats, lecithin, methyl cellulose, methylor propyl para-hydroxybenzoate, propylene glycol, sorbitol, or sorbicacid.

For intravenous (IV) use, the pharmaceutical composition (e.g. compoundsof Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II,compounds of Formula A-II) preferably a compound of Formula A-I orFormula A-II, in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, can bedissolved or suspended in any of the commonly used intravenous fluidsand administered by infusion. Intravenous fluids include, withoutlimitation, physiological saline or Ringer's solution. Intravenousadministration may be accomplished by using, without limitation,syringe, mini-pump or intravenous line.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention (e.g. compounds of FormulaI, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds ofFormula A-II) preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II, forparenteral injection comprise pharmaceutically-acceptable aqueous ornon-aqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well assterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions ordispersions just prior to use. Examples of suitable aqueous andnon-aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water,ethanol, benzyl alcohol, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol,and polyethylene glycol), and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils(such as corn oil or olive oil), and injectable organic esters such asethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the useof coating materials such as lecithin, by the maintenance of therequired particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use ofsurfactants. The compositions can include various buffers.

These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservatives,wetting agents, emulsifying agents, and dispersing agents. They may alsocontain taggants or other anti-counterfeiting agents, which are wellknown in the art. Prevention of the action of microorganisms may beensured by the inclusion of various antibacterial and antifungal agents,for example, paraben, chlorobutanol, and phenol sorbic acid. It may alsobe desirable to include isotonic agents such as sugars and sodiumchloride. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form maybe brought about by the inclusion of agents which delay absorption, suchas aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

Injectable depot forms can be made by forming microencapsulatingmatrices of the drug in biodegradable polymers such aspolylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of drug to polymerand the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of drugrelease can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymersinclude poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectableformulations can also be prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes ormicroemulsions, which are compatible with body tissues.

The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, byfiltration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporatingsterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions, which canbe dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectablemedium just prior to use.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets,pills, powders, and granules. Such forms may include forms that dissolveor disintegrate quickly in the oral environment. In such solid dosageforms, the active compound preferably a compound of Formula A-I orFormula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, can be mixedwith at least one inert, pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient orcarrier. Suitable excipients include, for example, (a) fillers orextenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, andsilicic acid; (b) binders such as cellulose and cellulose derivatives(such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, andcarboxymethylcellulose), alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone,sucrose, and acacia; (c) humectants such as glycerol; (d) disintegratingagents such as sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose, agar-agar,calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certainsilicates, and sodium carbonate; (e) solution retarding agents such asparaffin; (f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammoniumcompounds; (g) wetting agents, such as cetyl alcohol and glycerolmonostearate, fatty acid esters of sorbitan, poloxamers, andpolyethylene glycols; (h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay;(i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solidpolyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof; and(j) glidants such as talc, and silicone dioxide. Other suitableexcipients include, for example, sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate.The dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents.

Solid dosage forms, including those of tablets, dragees, capsules,pills, and granules, can be prepared with coatings and shells such asfunctional and aesthetic enteric coatings and other coatings well knownin the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally containopacifying agents and colorants. They may also be in a form capable ofcontrolled or sustained release. Examples of embedding compositions thatcan be used for such purposes include polymeric substances and waxes.

The pharmaceutical compositions can be delivered using controlled (e.g.,capsules) or sustained release (e.g., bioerodable matrices) deliverysystems. Exemplary delayed release delivery systems for drug deliverythat are suitable for administering the pharmaceutical compositions aredescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,452,775 (issued to Kent), 5,039,660(issued to Leonard), and 3,854,480 (issued to Zaffaroni).

In some cases, in order to prolong the effect of the drug, it may bedesirable to slow the absorption of the drug following subcutaneous orintramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquidsuspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor watersolubility. Amorphous material may be used alone or together withstabilizers as necessary. The rate of absorption of the drug thendepends upon its rate of dissolution, which in turn, may depend uponcrystal size and crystalline form.

Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered drugform can be accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oilvehicle.

For intramuscular preparations, a sterile formulation of compounds,preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction witha β-lactam antibiotic, or suitable soluble salt forms thereof, forexample hydrochloride salts, can be dissolved and administered in apharmaceutical diluent such as Water-for-Injection (WFI), physiologicalsaline or 5% glucose. A suitable insoluble form of the compound may beprepared and administered as a suspension in an aqueous base or apharmaceutically acceptable oil base, e.g., an ester of a long chainfatty acid such as ethyl oleate.

A dose of an intravenous, intramuscular, or parental formulation ofcompounds, preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, may be administered as a bolusor by slow infusion. A bolus is a dose that is administered in less than30 minutes. In one embodiment, a bolus is administered in less than 15or less than 10 minutes. In another embodiment, a bolus is administeredin less than 5 minutes. In yet another embodiment, a bolus isadministered in one minute or less. An infusion is a dose that isadministered at a rate of 30 minutes or greater. In one embodiment, theinfusion is one hour or greater. In another embodiment, the infusion issubstantially constant.

For topical use the pharmaceutical compositions, preferably a compoundof Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic, can also be prepared in suitable forms to be applied to theskin, or mucus membranes of the nose and throat, and can take the formof creams, ointments, liquid sprays or inhalants, lozenges, or throatpaints. Such topical formulations further can include chemical compoundssuch as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to facilitate surface penetration ofthe active ingredient.

For application to the eyes or ears, the pharmaceutical composition canbe presented in liquid or semi-liquid form formulated in hydrophobic orhydrophilic bases as ointments, creams, lotions, paints or powders.

For rectal administration, the pharmaceutical compositions, preferably acompound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic, can be administered in the form of suppositories admixedwith conventional carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol ora suppository wax or other glyceride that are solid at room temperaturebut liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum orvaginal cavity and release the active compound.

Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions can be in powder form forreconstitution in the appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable carrier atthe time of delivery. In another embodiment, the unit dosage form ofcompounds, preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, can be a solution of one or morecompounds, or salts thereof, in a suitable diluent, in sterilehermetically sealed ampoules or sterile syringes. The concentration ofthe compounds, preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, in the unit dosage may vary,e.g. from about 1 percent to about 50 percent, depending on the compoundused and its solubility and the dose desired by the physician. If thecompositions contain dosage units, each dosage unit can contain from1-500 mg of the active material. For adult human treatment, the dosageemployed can range from 5 mg to 10 g, per day, depending on the routeand frequency of administration.

The pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be placed in apharmaceutically acceptable carrier and are delivered to a recipientsubject (e.g., a human) in accordance with known methods of drugdelivery. In general, the methods of delivering the pharmaceuticalcompositions in vivo utilize art-recognized protocols for delivering theagent with the only substantial procedural modification being thesubstitution of the compounds of the present invention for the drugs inthe art-recognized protocols. Likewise, methods for using the claimedcompositions for treating cells in culture, for example, to eliminate orreduce the level of bacterial contamination of a cell culture, utilizeart-recognized protocols for treating cell cultures with antibacterialagent(s) with the only substantial procedural modification being thesubstitution of the compounds of the present invention, preferably incombination with a β-lactam antibiotic for the drugs in theart-recognized protocols.

Exemplary procedures for delivering an antibacterial agent are describedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,468,967; 6,852,689; and 5,041,567, issued to Rogersand in PCT patent application number EP94/02552 (publication no. WO95/05384), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by referencein their entirety. In one embodiment, one or more compounds of theinvention, preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, or pharmaceutical compositionsthereof are administered orally, rectally or via injection (intravenous,intramuscular or subcutaneous). In another embodiment, one or morecompounds of the invention, preferably a compound of Formula A-I orFormula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, orpharmaceutical compositions thereof are administered orally, rectally orvia injection (intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) to treat aninfection caused by β-lactam resistant bacteria. In another embodiment,one or more compounds of the invention, preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, orpharmaceutical compositions thereof are administered orally to treat aninfection caused by β-lactamase producing bacteria.

As used herein, the phrases “therapeutically-effective dose” and“therapeutically-effective amount” refer to an amount of a compound thatprevents the onset, alleviates the symptoms, stops the progression of abacterial infection, or results in another desired biological outcomesuch as, e.g., improved clinical signs or reduced/elevated levels oflymphocytes and/or antibodies.

The term “treating” or “treatment” is defined as administering, to asubject, a therapeutically-effective amount of one or more compoundsboth to prevent the occurrence of an infection and to control oreliminate an infection. Those in need of treatment may includeindividuals already having a particular medical disease as well as thoseat risk for the disease (i.e., those who are likely to ultimatelyacquire the disorder).

The term “subject,” as used herein, refers to a mammal, a plant, a loweranimal, or a cell culture. In one embodiment, a subject is a human orother animal patient in need of antibacterial treatment.

The term “administering “or “administration” and the like, refers toproviding the compound of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) to the subject in need of treatment. Preferably the subject is amammal, more preferably a human. The present invention comprisesadministering the compound of the invention (e.g. compounds of FormulaI, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds ofFormula A-II) in conjunction with a β-lactam antiobiotic. When acompound of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) isadministered in conjunction with a β-lactam antiobiotic, the compound ofthe invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) and the β-lactamantiobiotic can be administered at the same time or different times.When the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) and the β-lactam antiobiotic are administered at the same time,they can be administered as a single composition or pharmaceuticalcomposition or they can be administered separately. It is understoodthat when a compound of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) is administered in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, thatthe active agents can be administered in a single combination or inmultiple combinations. For example, when administered by IV, thecompound of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) can bedissolved or suspended in any of the commonly used intravenous fluidsand administered by infusion, then a β-lactam antibiotic can bedissolved or suspended in any of the commonly used intravenous fluidsand administered by infusion. Conversely the β-lactam antibiotic can bedissolved or suspended in any of the commonly used intravenous fluidsand administered by infusion, then a compound of Formula I can bedissolved or suspended in any of the commonly used intravenous fluidsand administered by infusion. Alternatively, a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) and a β-lactam antibiotic can be dissolved or suspendedin any of the commonly used intravenous fluids and administered byinfusion.

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof a therapeutically-effective amount of the pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) and a β-lactam antibiotic. In one embodiment of theinvention, is provided a method of treating or preventing a bacterialinfection comprising administering to a subject in need thereof atherapeutically-effective amount of the pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of Formula I, and a β-lactam antibiotic. In oneembodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof a therapeutically-effective amount of the pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of Formula A-I, and a β-lactamantibiotic. In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method oftreating or preventing a bacterial infection comprising administering toa subject in need thereof a therapeutically-effective amount of thepharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula II, and aβ-lactam antibiotic. In one embodiment of the invention, is provided amethod of treating or preventing a bacterial infection comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically-effectiveamount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound ofFormula A-II, and a β-lactam antibiotic.

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof, a therapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactamantibiotic in conjunction with a compound of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II). In one embodiment of the invention, isprovided a method of treating or preventing a bacterial infectioncomprising administering to a subject in need thereof, atherapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic in conjunctionwith a compound of Formula I. In one embodiment of the invention, isprovided a method of treating or preventing a bacterial infectioncomprising administering to a subject in need thereof, atherapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic in conjunctionwith a compound of Formula A-I. In one embodiment of the invention, isprovided a method of treating or preventing a bacterial infectioncomprising administering to a subject in need thereof, atherapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic in conjunctionwith a compound of Formula II. In one embodiment of the invention, isprovided a method of treating or preventing a bacterial infectioncomprising administering to a subject in need thereof, atherapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic in conjunctionwith a compound of Formula A-II. In one embodiment of the invention, isprovided a method of treating or preventing a bacterial infectioncomprising administering to a subject in need thereof, atherapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic in conjunctionwith a compound of Table I. In one embodiment of the invention, isprovided a method of treating or preventing a bacterial infectioncomprising administering to a subject in need thereof, atherapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic in conjunctionwith a compound of Formula

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof, a therapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactamantibiotic in conjunction with a compound of Formula

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof, a therapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactamantibiotic in conjunction with a compound of Formula

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof, a therapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactamantibiotic in conjunction with a compound of Formula

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof, a therapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactamantibiotic in conjunction with a compound of Formula

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection in a subject comprising the steps of

-   -   a. administering to the subject a compound of the invention; and    -   b. administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective        amount of a β-lactam antibiotic.

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula I. Inone embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula A-I. Inone embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula II. Inone embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula A-II. Inone embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Table I. In oneembodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula A-II. In oneembodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment, the β-lactam antibiotic in step b is Ceftolozane,Ceftazidime, Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane orCeftazidime.

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step b is Ceftolozane. In one embodimentthe compound in step a is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step b is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step b is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step b is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment the compound in step a is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step b is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment of the invention, is provided a method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection in a subject comprising the steps of

-   -   a. administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective        amount of a β-lactam antibiotic; and    -   b. administering to the subject a compound of the invention.

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula I. Inone embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula A-I. Inone embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula II. Inone embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula A-II. Inone embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula II. Inone embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Table I. In oneembodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

In one embodiment, the β-lactam antibiotic in step a is Ceftolozane,Ceftazidime, Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane orCeftazidime. In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound ofFormula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step a is Ceftolozane. In one embodimentthe compound in step b is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step a is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step a is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step a is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment the compound in step b is a compound of Formula

and the β-lactam antibiotic in step a is Ceftolozane.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for treating aninfection in a subject by administering a therapeutically-effectiveamount of one or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-IIin conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, or compositions thereof. Inone embodiment, the method comprises administering to a subject in needthereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of thecompounds described herein, preferably a compound of Formula A-I orFormula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic. In oneembodiment the compound is of Formula

in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, preferably Ceftolozane,Ceftazidime, Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane orCeftazidime, or compositions thereof. In one embodiment the compound isof Formula

in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, preferably Ceftolozane,Ceftazidime, Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane orCeftazidime, or compositions thereof. In one embodiment the compound isof Formula

in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, preferably Ceftolozane,Ceftazidime, Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane orCeftazidime, or compositions thereof. In one embodiment the compound isof Formula

in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, preferably Ceftolozane,Ceftazidime, Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane orCeftazidime, or compositions thereof. In one embodiment the compound isof Formula

in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, preferably Ceftolozane,Ceftazidime, Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane orCeftazidime, or compositions thereof. In one embodiment, thepharmaceutical composition can comprise any one of the compoundsdescribed herein as the sole active compound or in combination withanother compound, composition, or biological material. The compound maybe administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation, topically,rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally, or by an implanted reservoir,external pump or catheter. The compound may be prepared for opthalmic oraerosolized uses. The compounds of the present invention can beadministered as an aerosol for the treatment of pneumonia or otherlung-based infections. In one embodiment, the aerosol delivery vehicleis an anhydrous or dry powder inhaler. One or more compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably acompound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof also may be directlyinjected or administered into an abscess, ventricle or joint. Parenteraladministration includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular,intra-articular, intra-synovial, cisternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic,intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion. In one embodiment,one or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, are administered intravenously,subcutaneously or orally. In one embodiment for administering one ormore compounds according to the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic to a cell culture, the one ormore compounds may be administered in a nutrient medium.

In one embodiment, one or more compounds according to the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, may be used totreat a subject having a bacterial infection in which the infection iscaused or exacerbated by any type of bacteria, such as Gram-negativebacteria. In one aspect of the invention, the bacterial infection iscaused by β-lactam resistant bacteria. In one aspect the bacterialinfection is caused by β-lactamase producing bacteria. In another aspectthe bacterial infection is caused by class A, class C or class Dβ-lactamase producing bacteria. In another aspect the bacterialinfection is caused by class A β-lactamase producing bacteria. Inanother aspect the infection is caused by class C β-lactamase producingbacteria. In still another aspect the infection is caused by class Dβ-lactamase producing bacteria. In still another aspect the infection iscaused by KPC β-lactamase producing bacteria. In still another aspectthe infection is caused by OXA β-lactamase producing bacteria. In stillanother aspect, the bacterial infection is caused by a bacteria thatproduces multiple β-lactamases. Bacteria that produce multipleβ-lactamases may produce β-lactamases of the same class or of differentclasses (e.g class A and class A or class A and class C or class A andclass D etc).

Representative Gram-negative pathogens known to express β-lactamasesinclude, but are not limited to Acinetobacter spp. (includingAcinetobacter baumannii), Citrobacter spp., Escherichia spp. (includingEscherichia coli), Haemophilus influenzae, Morganella morganii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. (including Klebsiellapneumoniae), Enterobacter spp. (including Enterobacter cloacae andEnterobacter aerogenes), Pasteurella spp., Proteus spp. (includingProteus mirabilis), Serratia spp. (including Serratia marcescens), andProvidencia spp. Bacterial infections can be caused or exacerbated byGram-negative bacteria including strains which express β-lactamases thatmay confer resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams and/orcarbapenems. The co-administration of a novel BLI that inhibits theseβ-lactamases with a β-lactam antibiotic could be used to treatinfections caused by β-lactam resistant bacteria.

In one aspect of the invention the infection is caused by a β-lactamaseproducing bacteria selected from Acinetobacter spp, Citrobacter spp,Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae), Haemophilus influenzae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, andKlebsiella pneumoniae,

β-Lactam antibiotics that may be administered concurrently withcompounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II)include, but are not limited to cephalosporin, carbapenem, monobactam,penem and penicillin classes of antibiotics.

In one embodiment of the invention, the β-lactam antibiotic is acephalosporin. Examples of cephalosporins include, but are not limitedto, Cefacetrile (cephacetrile), Cefadroxil (cefadroxyl), Cefalexin(cephalexin), Cefaloglycin (cephaloglycin), Cefalonium (cephalonium),Cefaloridine (cephaloradine), Cefalotin (cephalothin), Cefapirin(cephapirin), Cefatrizine, Cefazaflur, Cefazedone, Cefazolin(cephazolin), Cefradine (cephradine), Cefroxadine, Ceftezole, Cefaclor,Cefamandole, Cefinetazole, Cefonicid, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin, Cefprozil(cefproxil), Cefuroxime, Cefuzonam, Cefcapene, Cefdaloxime, Cefdinir,Cefditoren, Cefetamet, Cefixime, Cefinenoxime, Cefodizime, Cefotaxime,Cefpimizole, Cefpodoxime, Cefteram, Ceftibuten, Ceftiofur, Ceftiolene,Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime, Cefclidine,Cefepime, Cefluprenam, Cefoselis, Cefozopran, Cefpirome, Cefquinome,Cefaclomezine, Cefaloram, Cefaparole, Cefcanel, Cefedrolor, Cefempidone,Cefetrizole, Cefivitril, Cefmatilen, Cefinepidium, Cefovecin,Cefoxazole, Cefrotil, Cefsumide, Ceftaroline, Ceftioxide, Cefuracetime,cefbuperazone, cefminox, ceforanide, cefotiam, cefpiramide, cefsulodin,ceftobiprole latamoxef, loracarbef and Ceftolozane. In one embodimentthe cephalosporin is Ceftolozane or Ceftazidime.

In one embodiment of the invention, the β-lactam antibiotic is acarbapenen. Examples of carbapenem antibiotics include, but are notlimited to, Imipenem, Imipenem/Cilastatin, Biapenem, Doripenem,Meropenem, Ertapenem and Panipenem. In one embodiment the Carbapenem isImipenem/Cilastatin or Meropenem.

In one embodiment of the invention, the β-lactam antibiotic is amonobactam. Examples of monobactam antibiotics include, but are notlimited to Aztreonam, Tigemonam, Carumonam, BAL30072 and Nocardicin A.

In one embodiment of the invention, the β-lactam antibiotic is a penem.In one embodiment of the invention, the β-lactam antibiotic is apenicillin. Examples of penicillin antibiotics include, but are notlimited to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, Apalcillin,Hetacillin, Becampicillin, Carbenicillin, Sulbenicillin, Ticarcillin,Piperacillin, Azlocillin, Mecillinam, Pivmecillinam, Methicillin,Ciclacillin, Talampicillin, Aspoxicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin,Dicloxacillin, Flucloxacillin, Nafcillin and Pivampicillin.

In one embodiment the cephalosporin is Ceftolozane, Ceftazidime,Aztreonam or Meropenem, or more preferably, Ceftolozane or Ceftazidime.

The pharmaceutical compositions, preferably a compound of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II) in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic, can be used to treat a bacterial infection of any organ ortissue in the body caused by β-lactam resistant bacteria, preferably,Gram-negative β-lactam resistant bacteria. These organs or tissueinclude, without limitation, skeletal muscle, skin, bloodstream,kidneys, heart, lung and bone. For example, a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising at least one compound of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-IIin conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, can be administered to asubject to treat, without limitation, skin and soft tissue infections(e.g., complex skin infections), bacteremia, intra-abdominal infectionsand urinary tract infections (e.g., cUTI). In addition, a compound ofthe invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) may be used to treatcommunity acquired respiratory infections, including, withoutlimitation, otitis media, sinusitis, chronic bronchitis and pneumonia(including community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia andventilator associated pneumonia), including pneumonia caused bydrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At least one compound of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably acompound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic, can be administered to a subject to treat mixed infectionsthat comprise different types of Gram-negative bacteria, or whichcomprise both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These types ofinfections include intra-abdominal infections andobstetrical/gynecological infections. At least one compound of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably acompound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic, may also be administered to a subject to treat an infectionincluding, without limitation, endocarditis, nephritis, septicarthritis, intra-abdominal sepsis, bone and joint infections andosteomyelitis. At least one compound of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II), preferably compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, or pharmaceutical compositionsthereof, may also be directly injected or administered into an abscess,ventricle or joint. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably compound of Formula A-I orFormula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, may beadministered as an aerosol for the treatment of pneumonia or otherlung-based infections. In one embodiment, the aerosol delivery vehicleis an anhydrous, liquid or dry powder inhaler.

Actual dosage levels of active ingredients in the pharmaceuticalcompositions of one or more compounds according to the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I orFormula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, may be varied soas to obtain a therapeutically-effective amount of the activecompound(s) to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particularpatient, compositions, and mode of administration. The effective amountcan be determined as described herein. The selected dosage level willdepend upon the activity of the particular compound, the route ofadministration, the severity of the condition being treated, and thecondition and prior medical history of the patient being treated.However, it is within the skill of the art to start doses of thecompound at levels lower than required to achieve the desiredtherapeutic effect and to gradually increase the dosage until thedesired effect is achieved. In one embodiment, the data obtained fromthe assays can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use inhumans. It will be understood by one of skill in the art that the whenthe composition comprises a compound of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) and a β-lactam antibiotic, both the compound of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) and the β-lactamantibiotic are active compounds.

The method comprises administering to the subject an effective dose ofone or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably in conjunction with a β lactam antibiotic. Aneffective dose of a compound of the invention (e.g. compounds of FormulaI, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds ofFormula A-II) is generally between 125 mg/day to 2000 mg/day. In oneembodiment, an effective dose is from about 0.1 to about 100 mg/kg ofone or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In one embodiment,the dose is from about 0.1 to about 50 mg/kg of one or more compounds ofthe invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof. In another embodiment, the dose is from about1 to about 25 mg/kg of one or more compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) or pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof. In another embodiment, the dose is from about 1 to about 12mg/kg of one or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II). In another embodiment, the dose is about 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 mg/kg of one or more compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II). In anotherembodiment, the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) are administered to a human at a dose of 100 mg to 1000 mg perdose up to four times per day. In another embodiment, the compounds ofthe invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) are administered toa human at a dose of 125 mg to 750 mg per dose up to four times per day.In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II) are administered to a human at a dose of 250 mg to 500mg per dose up to four times a day. An effective dose for cell cultureis usually between about 0.1 and about 1000 μg/mL. In one embodiment,the effect dose for cell culture is between about 0.1 and about 200μg/mL.

In one embodiment, a β-lactam antibiotic and a compound of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II) are administered in ratio of 1:4to 8:1 antibiotic:compound of the invention (e.g. compounds of FormulaI, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds ofFormula A-II). In one embodiment the ratio is 1:4. In another embodimentthe ratio is 3:4. In another embodiment the ratio is 5:4. In anotherembodiment the ratio is 7:4. In another embodiment the ratio is 1:2. Inanother embodiment the ratio is 3:2. In another embodiment the ratio is5:2. In another embodiment the ratio is 7:2. In another embodiment theratio is 1:3. In another embodiment the ratio is 2:3. In anotherembodiment the ratio is 4:3. In another embodiment the ratio is 5:3. Inanother embodiment the ratio is 7:3. In another embodiment the ratio is1:2. In another embodiment the ratio is 3:2. In another embodiment theratio is 5:2. In another embodiment the ratio is 7:2. In anotherembodiment the ratio is 1:1. In another embodiment the ratio is 2:1. Inanother embodiment the ratio is 3:1. In another embodiment the ratio is4:1. In another embodiment the ratio is 5:1. In another embodiment theratio is 6:1. In another embodiment the ratio is 7:1. In anotherembodiment the ratio is 8:1. It will be understood by one of skill inthe art that the β-lactam antibiotic and compound of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II) can be administered within the range ofratios provided regardless of the method of drug delivery. It will alsobe understood by one of skill in the art that the β-lactam antibioticand compound of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) can beadministered within the range of ratios provided together, for example,in a pharmaceutical composition, or sequentially, i.e. the β-lactamantibiotic is administered, followed by administration of a compound ofthe invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) or vice versa.

One or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) may also be administered in the diet or feed of a patient oranimal. If administered as part of a total dietary intake, the amount ofcompound employed can be less than 1% by weight of the diet, such as nomore than 0.5% by weight. The diet for animals can be normal foodstuffsto which the compound can be added or it can be added to a premix.

One or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, can be administered as a singledaily dose or in multiple doses per day. In one embodiment, one or morecompounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II),preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction witha β-lactam antibiotic, is administered as a single dose per day. Inanother embodiment, one or more compounds of the invention (e.g.compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of FormulaII, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I ofFormula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic is administeredas two equal doses per day. In another embodiment, the compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably acompound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactamantibiotic is administered in three equal doses per day. In anotherembodiment, the compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic is administered in four equaldoses per day. The treatment regime may require administration overextended periods of time, e.g., for several days or for from two to fourweeks. The amount per administered dose or the total amount administeredwill depend on such factors as the nature and severity of the infection,the age and general health of the patient, the tolerance of the patientto the compound of the invention and the β-lactam antibiotic and themicroorganism or microorganisms involved in the infection. The treatmentregimen for one type of infection may differ greatly from the treatmentregimen of another infection. For example, one type of infection mayrequire administration via intravenous administration once daily, whileanother infection may require a treatment regimen of multiple dosingorally.

One or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, may be administered according tothis method until the bacterial infection is eradicated or reduced. Inone embodiment, one or more compounds of the invention (e.g. compoundsof Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II,compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I orFormula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, are administeredfor a period of time from 3 days to 6 months. In another embodiment, oneor more compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II inconjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, are administered for 7 to 56days. In another embodiment, one or more compounds of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with a β-lactam antibiotic, areadministered for 7 to 28 days. In a further embodiment, one or morecompounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II),preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction witha β-lactam antibiotic, are administered for 7 to 14 days. Compounds ofthe present invention may be administered for a longer or shorter timeperiod if it is so desired.

Other embodiments of the invention include:

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II and at least 1 β-lactam antibiotic or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II and at least 1 cephalosporin antibiotic or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II and Ceftolozane or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II and at least 1 carbapenem antibiotic or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II and at least 1 monobactam antibiotic or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The embodiments described herein provide compounds of the invention(e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds ofFormula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably a compound of FormulaA-I or Formula A-II that are novel and active β-lactamase inhibitors.Other embodiments described herein provide novel compounds of theinvention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds of Formula A-I,compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II), preferably acompound of Formula A-I or Formula A-II in conjunction with β-lactamantibiotics for treatment of infections. Further embodiments describedherein provide novel compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds ofFormula I, compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compoundsof Formula A-II), preferably a compound of Formula A-I or Formula A-IIthat show unexpected activity against β-lactamases that other compoundsin the class do not have.

Preparation of Compounds of the Invention

A compound of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) can beprepared by a variety of synthetic routes, including synthetic schemesdescribed herein. These synthetic routes can be applied to large scalesynthesis with appropriate adjustment of reaction sequence, reactionconditions, isolation/purification methods and choice of solvents whichare environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

The following abbreviations have the following meanings unless otherwiseindicated. Abbreviations not defined below have their generally acceptedmeaning.

-   -   Bn=benzyl    -   Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl    -   Boc₂O=di-tert-butyldicarbonate    -   Burgess reagent=methyl N-triethylammoniumsulfonyl)carbamate    -   CDI=carbonyldiimidazole    -   CFU=colony-forming units    -   CLSI=Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute    -   cSSSI=complicated skin and skin structure infections    -   DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene    -   DCM=dichloromethane    -   DEAD=diethyl azodicarboxylate    -   DIAD=diisopropyl azodicarboxylate    -   DIPEA=diisopropylethylamine    -   DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide    -   DMAc=N,N-dimethylacetamide    -   DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide    -   EDCI=1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide    -   ELSD=evaporative light scattering detector    -   EtOAc=ethyl acetate    -   ESI-MS=electrospray ionization mass spectrometry    -   Fmoc=Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl    -   HAP=Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia    -   HATU=2-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium        hexafluorophosphate    -   HCl=hydrochloride    -   HOBt=1-hydroxybenzotrizole    -   Hrs=hours    -   HPLC=high performance liquid chromatography    -   Hunig's base=N,N-Diisopropylethylamine    -   Lawesson's        reagent=2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide    -   MIC=minimum inhibitory concentration    -   mL=milliliter    -   MS=mass spectrometry    -   MRSA=methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus    -   NMR=nuclear magnetic resonance    -   Ns=nitrobenzenesulfonyl    -   Pa=Pseudomonas aeruginosa    -   Prep=preparative    -   Ppm=parts per million    -   Py=pyridine    -   sat.=saturated    -   rt=room temperature    -   TBAF=tetrabutylammonium fluride    -   TBS=t-butyldimethylsilyl    -   TES=triethylsilyl    -   TEA=triethylamine    -   TEMPO=2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, free radical    -   THF=tetrahydrofuran    -   TFA=trifluoroacetic acid    -   TMS=trimethylsilyl    -   TLC=thin layer chromatography    -   VAP=Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

The compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compoundsof Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) canbe prepared from intermediate 1, according to the following reactionschemes and examples, or modifications thereof, using readily availablestarting materials, reagents and conventional synthetic proceduresincluding, for example, procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,112,592and WO2009/091856.

As depicted in Scheme 1, compound 3 can be synthesized followingstandard oxadiazole ring formation chemistry from the diacylhydrazideintermediate 2 g (see, e.g., Jakopin, Z.; Dolenc, M. S. Curr. Org. Chem.2008, 12, 850-898; Walker, D. G.; Brodfuehrer, P. R.; Brundidge, S. P.Shih, K. M.; Sapino, C. Jr. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 983-991 andreferences cited therein). Diacylhydrazide intermediate 2 g can beprepared via standard amide coupling reactions from acylhydrazideintermediate 2f. Alternatively, 2 g can be made by an amide couplingreaction of acylhydrazine derivative 2 h and acid intermediate 2a, whichcan be prepared from ester intermediate 1. It may be necessary toprotect certain functionalities in the molecule depending on the natureof the R¹ group. Protecting these functionalities should be within theexpertise of one skilled in the art. See, e.g P. G. M. Wuts and T. W.Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Fourth Edition, JohnWiley and Sons, 2006, hereafter Greene.

The benzylic ether protecting group in 3 can be removed via standardhydrogenolysis conditions, such as, but not limited to, Pd/H₂ in MeOH orTHF or by acid-catalysed hydrolysis, such as, but not limited to, BCl₃in DCM to provide the hydroxy-urea intermediate 4, which can be useddirectly in the next step without further purification. Sulfation of 4can be achieved by treatment with a sulfating reagent, such a, but notlimited to, SO₃.pyridine complex, in an appropriate solvent, such aspyridine, DMF or DMAc at a temperature of 0-80° C., preferable at roomtemperature. Compound 5 can then be isolated and purified viaconventional methods. For example, 5 can be purified by standard reversephase prep-HPLC using appropriate buffer system, i.e. ammonium formatebuffer. In some cases, 5 can be purified by normal phase silica gelchromatography after converting to an appropriate salt form, such assulfate tetrabutyl ammonium salt. The tetrabutyl ammonium salt can thenbe converted to a sodium salt by cation exchange. When a protectinggroup(s) is present in the sidechain (i.e. Boc or Fmoc for amine andguanidine protection, TBS or TES for alcohol protection, etc), adeprotection step is needed to convert 5 to its final product 6, whichcan be purified by prep-HPLC using the conditions mentioned above. Forexample, for N-Boc deprotection, 5 can be treated with an acid, such asTFA, in an appropriate solvent, such as DCM at a temperature of 0-30°C., preferable at 0° C. to rt to give 6. For an O-TBS, or O-TESdeprotection, a fluoride reagent such as HF.pyridine, HF.NEt₃, or TBAFcan be used. For Fmoc deprotection, amines can be used, such asdiethylamine, DBU, piperidine, etc can be used.

Similarly, as shown in Scheme 2, thiadiazole derivative 3a can besynthesized from diacylhydrazide intermediate 2 g by treatment withLawesson's reagent under heating. 3a can then be converted to the finalproduct 6a using similar chemistry as described previously.

EXAMPLES

The specific examples which follow illustrate the synthesis of certaincompounds. The methods disclosed may be adopted to variations in orderto produce compounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I,compounds of Formula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of FormulaA-II) but not otherwise specifically disclosed. Further, the disclosureincludes variations of the methods described herein to produce thecompounds of the invention (e.g. compounds of Formula I, compounds ofFormula A-I, compounds of Formula II, compounds of Formula A-II) thatwould be understood by one skilled in the art based on the instantdisclosure.

All temperatures are understood to be in Centigrade (C) when notspecified. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral characteristicsrefer to chemical shifts (y) expressed in parts per million (ppm) versustetramethylsilane (TMS) as reference standard. The relative areareported for the various shifts in the proton NMR spectral datacorresponds to the number of hydrogen atoms of a particular functionaltype in the molecule. The nature of the shifts as to multiplicity isreported as broad singlet (br s), broad doublet (br d), singlet (s),multiplet (m), doublet (d), quartet (q), doublet of doublet (dd),doublet of triplet (dt), and doublet of quartet (dq). The solventsemployed for taking NMR spectra are DMSO-d6(perdeuterodimethysulfoxide), D₂O (deuterated water), CDCl₃(deuterochloroform) and other conventional deuterated solvents. Theprep-HPLC conditions are: Waters SunFire® C18 (30×100 mm, 5 μm OBD)column; flow rate: 30-80 mL/minute, ELSD or Mass-triggered fractioncollection; sample loading: Each injection loading varied from −300 mgfor different crude samples depending on their solubility and purityprofiles; Solvent system using ammonium formate buffer: solvent A: waterwith 20 mM ammonium formate, solvent B: 85% of acetonitrile in waterwith 20 mM ammonium formate. Solvent system using NH₄HCO₃ buffer:solvent A: water with 10 mM NH₄HCO₃, solvent B: acetonitrile. Solventsystem using NH₄OH buffer: solvent A: water with 0.1% NH₄OH, solvent B:acetonitrile with 0.1% NH₄OH.

Example 1 Synthesis of (2S,5R)-ethyl6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate(Intermediate Compound 1)

Step 1: Synthesis of (S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-oxopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate Method A

n-BuLi was added dropwise to a solution of TMSCHN₂ (690 mL, 1.38 mol) indry THF (3 L) (600 mL, 1.5 mol) at −78° C., and the mixture was stirredat −78° C. for 30 minutes. The mixture was then transferred to asolution of (S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl 5-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate(300 g, 1.17 mol) in dry THF (3 L) via cannula, and the mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was thenquenched with sat. NH₄Cl solution, and extracted with DCM three times.The combined organic layer was concentrated in vacuum and the crudeproduct was purified by silica gel column chromatography (3:1 petroleumether:EtOAc) to afford (S′)-ethyl2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-6-diazo-5-oxohexanoate (262 g, 75%) as ayellow solid.

A solution of (S)-ethyl2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-6-diazo-5-oxohexanoate (350 g, 1.18 mol)in DCM (1500 mL) was added to a solution of Rh₂(OAc)₄ (3.5 g, 7.9 mmol)in DCM (750 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was then stirred at 20° C.overnight and then concentrated in vacuum. The crude sample was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (5:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) toafford (S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl 5-oxopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (175.9g, 55%) as a yellow oil.

Method B

t-BuOK (330 g, 2.9 mol) was added to a solution of trimethylsulfoxoniumiodide (750 g, 3.5 mol) in dry DMSO (3 L) and the mixture was stirred atrt for 1 h. (S)-1-tert-Butyl 2-ethyl 5-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate(900 g, 3.5 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 2-3hrs. Water was added to quench the reaction and the mixture wasextracted with EtOAc 5 times. The combined organic layer wasconcentrated in vacuum and the crude sample was purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography (1:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc then 1:10 MeOH/DCM) toafford sulfoxonium ylide intermediate (977 g, 80%) as a white solid.

A solution of sulfoxonium ylide intermediate (156 g, 0.446 mol) and[Ir(COD)Cl]₂ (3 g, 4.46 mmol) in toluene(4 L) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen through the solution for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture washeated to 80-90° C. for 2-3 hrs and then cooled to 20° C. Then toluenewas concentrated in vacuum, the residue was purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography (10:1 to 3:1 gradient petroleum ether/EtOA) toafford (S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl 5-oxopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (140g, 57.8%) as a yellow oil.

Step 2: Synthesis of (2S,5S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-hydroxypiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate

NaBH₄ (36 g, 1.0 mol) was added in portions to a solution of(S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl 5-oxopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (250 g, 0.92mol) in EtOH (1500 mL) at −40° C. The reaction mixture was then stirredat −40° C. for 0.5 hr then quenched with 10% HOAc solution. Afterdiluting with water, the mixture was extracted with DCM three times. Thecombined organic layer was concentrated in vacuum and purified by silicagel column chromatography (1:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to afford(2S,5S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl 5-hydroxypiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (205g, 80%) as a yellow oil.

Step 3: Synthesis of (2S,5R)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-(N-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrophenylsulfonamido)piperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate

A solution of 2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (500 g, 2.26 mol) inpyridine (1500 mL) was added dropwise to a solution ofO-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (400 g, 2.51 mol) in pyridine (1500mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 20° C. overnight.The mixture was concentrated in vacuum, diluted with DCM and washed withHCl (10%) three times. The combined organic layer was concentrated invacuum and re-crystallized with DCM to affordN-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (485 g, 62.6%) as a yellowsolid.

To a solution of N-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (212 g, 0.69mol) in THF (1000 mL) was added (2S,5S)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-hydroxypiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (171 g, 0.63 mol) and PPh₃ (275 g,1.05 mol), followed by dropwise addition of a solution of DEAD (195 g,1.12 mol) in THF (500 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 20° C.overnight. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuum andpurified by silica gel column chromatography (3:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc)to afford (2S,5R)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-(N-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrophenylsulfonamido)piperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate(283.8 g, 80%) as a yellow oil.

Step 4: Synthesis of (2S,5R)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-((benzyloxy)amino)piperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate

LiOH.H₂O (95 g, 2.3 mol) and 2-mercaptoacetic acid (124 g, 1.3 mol) wereadded to a solution of (2S,5R)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-(N-(benzyloxy)-2-nitrophenylsulfonamido)piperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate(251 g, 0.45 mol) in DMF (1200 mL). The reaction mixture was thenstirred at 20° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with waterand extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was washedwith brine (3×), concentrated in vacuum and purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography (3:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to afford(2S,5R)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-((benzyloxy)amino)piperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (122.9 g, 85%) as ayellow solid.

Step 5: Synthesis of (2S,5R)-ethyl5-((benzyloxy)amino)piperidine-2-carboxylate

TFA (600 mL) was added to a solution of (2S,5R)-1-tert-butyl 2-ethyl5-((benzyloxy)amino)piperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (263 g, 0.7 mol) in DCM(600 mL) at 20° C. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and thenconcentrated in vacuum. The crude product was adjusted to pH 10 withsat. NaHCO₃ solution, and then extracted with DCM three times. Thecombined organic layer was concentrated in vacuum and purified by silicagel column chromatography (20:1 DCM/MeOH) to afford (2S,5R)-ethyl5-((benzyloxy)amino)piperidine-2-carboxylate (184.9 g, 95%) as a yellowoil.

Step 6: Synthesis of (2S,5R)-ethyl6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate

Triphosgene (21.3 g, 72 mmol) was added in portions to a solution of(2S,5R)-ethyl 5-((benzyloxy)amino)piperidine-2-carboxylate (50 g, 0.18mol) and DIPEA (128 mL, 0.72 mol) in DCM (2000 mL) at 0° C. Afterstirring at 20° C. overnight, the reaction mixture was washed with H₃PO₄(10%), sat. NaHCO₃ and saturated NaCl. The combined organic layer wasconcentrated in vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography(3:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to afford (2S,5R)-ethyl6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate (27.4 g,50%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 Mz, CDCl₃): δ 7.43-7.36 (m, 5H),5.06 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (q, J=7.1 Hz,2H), 4.11-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.93 (d,J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.14-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.63 (m, 1H),1.29 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 2 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (Intermediate Compound 2a)

LiOH (1.2 g, 29.6 mmol) was added to a solution of (2S,5R)-ethyl6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate (9 g,29.6 mmol) in THF/H₂O (3:1, 240 mL). The mixture was then stirred at rtovernight. The reaction mixture was washed with EtOAc twice, then theaqueous solution was adjusted pH 2-3 with 1N HCl. The resulting mixturewas extracted with DCM three times, and the combined organic layer wasdried over saturated Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuum to provide(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (7.0 g, 77.7%), which was directly used in the next step withoutfurther purification. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 277.31. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 7.49-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.06 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H),4.15-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.11 (m, 1H), 2.83 (d, J=11.8Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.56 (m, 1H).

Example 3 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 701)

Step 1

1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole (5.8 g, 36.2 mmol) was added to a 0° C.solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (5.0 g, 18.1 mmol) in dry THF (200 mL). The reaction mixture wasallowed to warm to rt then was stirred at rt for 3 hrs. Formohydrazide(5.4 g, 90.5 mmol) was added in one portion, and the reaction mixturewas stirred for additional 3 hrs. The mixture was then diluted withsaturated sodium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedorganic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride (2×), dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated to afford crude(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-N′-formyl-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide(˜11 g), which was directly used in the next step. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):319.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2

To a −10° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-N′-formyl-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide(11 g) in dry DCM (200 mL) was added pyridine (28 mL), followed bydropwise addition of (CF₃SO₂)₂O (28 mL). The reaction mixture wasallowed to warm to rt and was stirred for 3 hrs. The reaction mixturewas then cooled to −10° C. and quenched with sat. NaHCO₃. The organiclayer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×).The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated andpurified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution 1:3 to2:1 EtOAc/hexanes) to give(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(4.6 g, 86% for two steps) as a slightly yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺,m/z): 301.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3

To a solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(4.6 g, 15.3 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (1 g). The mixturewas stirred under H₂ atmosphere at rt for 3 hrs. The reaction mixturewas then filtered and concentrated to afford(2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(2.9 g, 91%), which was used directly in the next step. ESI-MS (EI⁺,m/z): 211.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4

To a solution of(2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(2.9 g, 13.8 mmol) in dry pyridine (60 mL) was added SO₃.Py (11.0 g,69.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 8 hrs and thenconcentrated under vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in aqueousNaH₂PO₄ (1.5 M, 100 mL) then tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate (5.88g, 17.3 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 minutes,then was extracted with EtOAc (4×). The combined organic layer was driedand concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 10:1 to 2:1 DCM/acetone) to affordtetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (4.1 g, 97%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (Er, m/z): 289.0 [M−H]⁻.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.48 (s, 1H), 4.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.40(br s, 1H), 3.34-3.26 (m, 9H), 2.82 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.37-2.25 (m,3H), 2.06-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.65 (m, 8H), 1.49-1.42 (m, 8H), 1.01 (t,J=7.5 Hz, 12H).

Step 5: Resin Exchange

Tetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (4.1 g, 7.72 mmol) was dissolved in a minimum amount of HPLCgrade water (˜40 mL) and passed through a column of 80 g of DOWEX 50WX 8Na⁺ resin (the resin was prewased with >4 L of HPLC grade water) andeluted with HPLC grade water to afford sodium(2S,5R)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (2.2 g, 91%) as a white solid after lyophilization. ESI-MS (EI⁺,m/z): 291.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 4.84 (d, J=6.7Hz, 1H), 4.20 (br s, 1H), 3.25-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H),2.41-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.89 (m, 1H).

Example 4 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 703)

Step 1

DIPEA (1.1 g, 8.3 mmol) was added to a 0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide(1.0 g, 2.48 mmol) in DMF (10 mL).3-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid (0.39 g, 2.07 mmol) andHATU (0.90 g, 2.48 mmol) were then added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 1 h and then quenched with saturated sodiumchloride (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layerwas exacted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was washed withsaturated sodium chloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 10:1 to 2:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to afford tert-butyl(3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl)carbamate(1.0 g, 87%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 462 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2

(CF₃SO₂)₂O (1.0 mL) was slowly added to a −10° C. solution of tert-butyl(3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl)carbamate(1.0 g, 2.17 mmol) and pyridine (1.0 mL) in dry DCM (10 mL). Thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and then was stirred at rtfor 1 h. Then saturated NaHCO₃ was added at 0° C. very slowly. Theorganic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was exacted with EtOAc(3×). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated.The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 10:1 to 4:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to give tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate(0.40 g, 42%) as a slight yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 444 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.48-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.99(t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.99-4.94 (m, 2H), 4.59 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (brs, 1H), 3.32-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.81 (m, 2H),2.19-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.34 (s, 9H).

Step 3

A mixture of tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate(400 mg, 0.90 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (50 mg) in THF (20 mL) was stirredunder H₂ atmosphere at rt for 3 h. The reaction mixture was thenfiltered and concentrated to afford tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate(300 mg, 94%) as a white solid, which was used directly in the nextstep. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 354.24 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4

To a solution of tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate(300 mg, 0.85 mmol) in dry pyridine (4.0 mL) was added SO₃.Py (542 mg,3.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and then concentratedunder vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in aqueous NaH₂PO₄ (1.5 M, 20mL) then tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate (345 mg, 1.02 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 minutes, then extracted withEtOAc (4×). The combined organic layer was dried and concentrated andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 10:1 to 1:1 DCM/acetone) to afford tetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (286 mg, 50%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 434.22[M+H]⁺.

Step 5

TFA (0.80 mL) was added to a 0° C. solution of tetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (238 mg, 0.71 mmol) in dry DCM (2.0 mL). The reaction mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes to 1 h and then diluted with ether.The precipitate was collected via centrifugation, washed with ether (3×)and further dried under high vacuum. The crude product TFA salt waspurified by prep-HPLC using ammonium formate buffer to provide(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (75 mg, 32%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):334.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.78 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (br s, 1H),3.44 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (br d, J=12.8 Hz,1H), 2.96 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.35-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.08 (m, 2H),2.01-1.87 (m, 1H).

Example 5 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-guanidinoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 705)

Step 1

DIPEA (1.1 g, 8.3 mmol) was added to a 0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide(1.0 g, 2.48 mmol) in DMF (10 mL).3-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid (0.39 g, 2.07 mmol) andHATU (0.90 g, 2.48 mmol) were then added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 1 h and then was quenched with saturated sodiumchloride (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layerwas exacted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was washed withsaturated sodium chloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 10:1 to 2:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to afford tert-butyl(3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl)carbamate(1.0 g, 87%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 462 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2

(CF₃SO₂)₂O (1.0 mL) was slowly added to a −10° C. solution of tert-butyl(3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl)carbamate(1.0 g, 2.17 mmol) and pyridine (1.0 mL) in dry DCM (10 mL). Thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt, was stirred at rt for 1 hthen sat. NaHCO₃ was added at 0° C. very slowly. The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer was exacted with EtOAc (3×). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 10:1 to 4:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to give tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate(0.40 g, 42%) as a slight yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 444 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.48-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.99(t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.99-4.94 (m, 2H), 4.59 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (brs, 1H), 3.32-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.81 (m, 2H),2.19-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.34 (s, 9H).

Step 3

TFA (0.5 mL) was added to a 0° C. solution of tert-butyl2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethylcarbamate(85 mg, 0.192 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirredat 0° C. for 2 hrs and was then concentrated under vacuum to provide(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-oneTFA salt as a sticky oil, which was used directly in the next step.ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 344.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4

TEA (77 mg, 0.764 mmol) was added to a 0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-oneTFA salt from the previous step in MeOH (3.0 mL). Tert-Butyl(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methylene)carbamate (65mg, 0.209 mmol) was then added at 0° C. and the reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was evaporated and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 30%-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to give(2S,5R)-2-(5-((2,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(80 mg, 70% in 2 steps) as a colorless oil. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 586.3[M+H]⁺.

Step 5

To a solution of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((2,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(80 mg, 0.136 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (45 mg) and themixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at rt for 1 h. The reactionmixture was filtered and concentrated to afford(2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-2-(5-((2,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one,which was directly used in the next step. ESI-MS (Er, m/z): 496.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 6

To a solution of(2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-2-(5-((2,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-onefrom the previous step in dry pyridine (2.0 mL) was added SO₃.Py (152mg, 0.962 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 hrs and thenconcentrated under vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in aqueousNaH₂PO₄ (1.5 M, 15 mL) then tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate (50 mg,0.15 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 minutes, thenextracted with EtOAc (4×). The combined organic layer was dried andconcentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 10:1 to 3:1 DCM/acetone) to affordtetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-(2,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (60 mg, 53%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁻, m/z): 574.1 [M−H]⁻.

Step 7

TFA (0.23 mL) was added to a 0° C. solution of tetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-(2,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (50 mg, 0.06 mmol) in dry DCM (0.68 mL). The reaction mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 2 h and then diluted with ether. Theprecipitate was collected via centrifugation, washed with ether (3×) andfurther dried under high vacuum to provide(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-guanidinoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate as TFA salt (˜12 mg). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 376.18. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, D₂O) 4.77 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (br s, 1H), 3.62 (t, J=6.4Hz, 2H), 3.21-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.18 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (d, J=12.3 Hz,1H), 2.32-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.86 (m, 1H).

Example 6 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 711)

Following Steps 1-5 in Example 4, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid,(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (89 mg) was obtained as a light yellow solid afterprep-HPLC purification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):374.26 ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.77 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (br s, 1H),3.52-3.33 (m, 3H), 3.25-3.09 (m, 3H), 2.92 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.40-2.23(m, 3H), 2.22-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.09-1.88 (m, 3H).

Example 7 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-carbamimidoylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 712)

Following Steps 1-7 in Example 5, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-carbamimidoylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (35 mg) was obtained as a light yellow solid afterprep-HPLC purification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):416.24. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.77 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (br s, 1H),3.84-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.14 (m, 4H), 2.91 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.36-2.07(m, 5H), 2.05-1.75 (m, 3H).

Example 8 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(azetidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 708)

Following Steps 1-5 in Example 4, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(azetidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (18 mg) was obtained as a light yellow solid afterprep-HPLC purification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):346.17. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.81 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.32 (m,4H), 4.20 (s, 1H), 3.21 (br d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.95 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H),2.30 (dt, J=13.9, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.35-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 2H),2.01-1.91 (m, 1H).

Example 9 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-carbamimidoylazetidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 709)

Following Steps 1-7 in Example 5, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-carbamimidoylazetidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (280 mg) was obtained as a light yellow solid afterprep-HPLC purification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):388.12. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.77 (br d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.44 (m,2H), 4.39-4.22 (m, 3H), 4.17 (br s, 1H), 3.18 (br d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H),2.91 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.31-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.06 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.84(m, 1H).

Example 10 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(aminomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 702)

Following Steps 1-5 in Example 4, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)acetic acid,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(aminomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (34 mg) as TFA salt. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 320.16.

Example 11 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(guanidinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 704)

Following Steps 1-7 in Example 5, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)acetic acid,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(guanidinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (745 mg) was obtained as a light yellow solid afterprep-HPLC purification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):362.2.

Example 12 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 720)

Step 1: Synthesis of 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid

To an aqueous solution of 4-aminobutanoic acid (25 g, 242 mmol) in H₂O(500 mL) at rt was added Na₂CO₃ (75 g, 726 mmol), followed by Boc₂O (95g, 435 mmol) in THF (200 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for12 hrs then concentrated under reduced pressure. The aqueous residue wasextracted with Et₂O, then the aqueous layer was acidified to pH 4-5 withcitric acid and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to afford4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid (45 g, 90%) as a colorlessoil. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 226 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of methyl 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoate

To a solution of 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid (7.0 g, 34.5mmol) and K₂CO₃ (9.5 g, 68.9 mmol) in acetone (70 mL) was added MeI (7.5g, 51.8 mmol) at rt. The reaction solution was stirred at 45° C. for 12hrs. The mixture was washed with water and saturated sodium chloride,dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to afford methyl4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoate (6.2 g, 83%) as a yellow oil.ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 240 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-hydrazinyl-4-oxobutylcarbamate

To a solution of methyl 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoate (21.0 g,96.8 mmol) in MeOH (180 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (28.0 g, 483 mmol) atrt. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 12 hrs then concentrated underreduced pressure. The crude material was dissolved in DCM (400 mL). Theorganic layer was washed with water (2×), and saturated sodium chloride(2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to afford tert-butyl4-hydrazinyl-4-oxobutylcarbamate (18.9 g, 90%) as a white solid. ESI-MS(EI⁺, m/z): 240 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis oftert-butyl-4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-4-oxobutylcarbamate

To a 0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (12.0 g, 43.5 mmol) and tert-butyl 4-hydrazinyl-4-oxobutylcarbamate(10.5 g, 47.8 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (360 mL) was added HATU (19.6 g, 52.2mmol) and DIPEA (16.6 g, 130.5 mmol). The mixture was allowed to warm tort, was stirred at rt for 12 hrs then diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (300 mL),washed with water (2×) and saturated sodium chloride (2×), dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 50-80% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to affordtert-butyl4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-4-oxobutylcarbamate(19.3 g, 93%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 476 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propylcarbamateMethod A

Tf₂O (8.0 mL, 0.0474 mol) was added dropwise to a −78° C. solution oftert-butyl4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-4-oxobutylcarbamate(7.5 g, 0.0158 mol) and Py (10.2 mL, 0.126 mol) in dry DCM (120 mL). Thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0° C. then the reaction mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 3 hrs. Sat. NaHCO₃ was added at 0° C. veryslowly. The organic layer was separated and the water layer was exactedwith DCM (3×). The combined organic layer was washed with water,saturated sodium chloride, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column (gradient elution 0-25%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propylcarbamate(3.9 g, 54%) as a yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 458 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.45-7.37 (m, 5H), 5.08 (d, J=14.5 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d,J=14.5 Hz, 1H), 4.70-4.66 (m, 1H), 3.37 (br s, 1H), 3.23-3.21 (m, 2H),2.94-2.88 (m, 3H), 2.79 (d, J=14.5 Hz, 1H), 2.30-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.97(m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Method B

To s solution of PPh₃ (2.6 g, 10.0 mmol) in dry DCM (60 mL) was added I₂(2.6 g, 10.0 mmol). After I₂ was dissolved completely, TEA (3.5 mL, 25.0mmol) was added quickly at rt. The mixture was stirred for 15 mins.Tert-butyl4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-4-oxobutylcarbamate(2.4 g, 5.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr. Thesolvent was concentrated. EtOAc (250 mL) was added, and the solution wasfiltrated to remove POPh₃. The filtrate was concentrated. The resultingresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 0-40% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propylcarbamate(2.0 g, 86%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 458 [M+H]⁺.

Step 6-8

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl(3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propyl)carbamate;(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (1.48 g) was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 348.1. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.74 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (br s, 1H), 3.17 (brd, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.05-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.89 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.31-2.20(m, 1H), 2.20-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.82 (m, 1H).

Example 13 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-guanidinopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 714)

Following Steps 1-7 in Example 5, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-guanidinopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (42 mg) was obtained as a light yellow solid afterprep-HPLC purification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):390.13.

Example 14 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 710)

Following Steps 1-5 in Example 4, replacing3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoic acid in Step 1 with1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid,(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (20 mg) was obtained as TFA salt. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):360.20. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.78 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (br s, 1H),4.05-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.38 (m,2H), 3.20 (br d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.48 (m,1H), 2.40-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 1H).

Example 15 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 713)

Step 1

DIPEA (105 g, 0.81 mol) was added to a 0° C. solution of tert-butylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (25.0 g, 0.134 mol) in DCM (250 mL), followedby the addition of triphosgene (92 g, 0.27 mol) in portions over a 40minute time period. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt thenwas stirred at rt for 3 hrs, filtered and concentrated to afford1-tert-butyl 4-trichloromethyl piperazine-1,4-dicarboxylate (50 g) as anoil.

A solution of 1-tert-butyl 4-trichloromethylpiperazine-1,4-dicarboxylate (50 g, 0.145 mol) in THF (50 mL) was addeddropwise over a 30 minute time period to a solution of hydrazine hydrate(18 mL, 0.434 mol) in THF (150 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 2 hrs then diluted with saturated sodium chloride (50 mL) andexacted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was washed withsaturated sodium chloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by crystallization (3:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) toprovide tert-butyl 4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (13 g,40% for two steps). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 245 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ5.92 (s, 1H), 3.45-3.35 (m, 8H), 1.41 (s, 9H).

Step 2

DIPEA (3.7 g, 10 mmol) was added to a 0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (1.45 g, 5.3 mmol, 0.8 eq.) and tert-butyl4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.6 g, 6.6 mmol) in dryDMF (50 mL), followed by the addition of HATU (1.45 g, 5.3 mmol). Thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt then was stirred at rtovernight. The mixture was then diluted with water (200 mL) and theresulting precipitated material was collected by filtration, rinsed withwater, and then recrystallized (3:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to affordtert-butyl4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(1.4 g, 54%), ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 503 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3

To a solution of tert-butyl4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazine-carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(903 mg, 1.8 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was added pyridine (2.8 mL, 36.0mmol). (CF₃SO₂)₂O (2.8 ml, 9.0 mmol) was then slowly added at −10° C.The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 hrs. Sat. NaHCO₃ was addedat −10° C. very slowly. The organic layer was separated and the aqueouslayer was exacted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silicagel column chromatography (2:1 EtOAc/hexanes) to give tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(723 mg, 83%) as a slight yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 485.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4

To a solution of tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(50 mg, 0.1 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (20 mg). Themixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at rt for 3 hrs then filteredand concentrated to afford tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(30 mg, 75%), which was used directly in the next step. ESI-MS (EI⁺,m/z): 385 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5

To a solution of tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(30 mg, 0.077 mmol) in dry pyridine (3 ml) was added SO₃.Py (97 mg, 0.61mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 hrs. The pyridine wasevaporated under vacuum at 25° C. The residue was re-dissolved inaqueous NaH₂PO₄ (1.5 M, 20 mL) and tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate(300 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 minutes, thenextracted with EtOAc (4×). The combined organic layer was dried andconcentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 10:1 to 1:1 DCM/acetone) to givetetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(5-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (20 mg, 20%). ESI-MS (EI⁻, m/z): 473 [M−H]⁻.

Step 6

TFA (0.30 mL) was added to a 0° C. mixture of tetrabutylammoniumtert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-7-oxo-6-(sulfooxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate(21 mg, 0.03 mmol) in dry DCM (0.80 mL). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 2-3 hrs then diluted with ether (˜15 mL). Theprecipitate was collected via centrifugation, washed with ether (3×) anddried under high vacuum to afford(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (4 mg, 35%) as a light yellow solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 375.2. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.65 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (br s, 1H), 3.80-3.65(m, 2H), 3.38-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.95 (m, 1H),2.32-1.88 (m, 4H).

Example 16 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 707)

Step 1

Saturated NaHCO₃ (7.0 mL, 6.26 mmol) was added to a solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazideTFA salt (2.3 g, 5.69 mmol) in dioxane (11.4 mL) and the reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 5 minutes. Cyanic bromide (3 M solution,2.3 mL, 6.90 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rtfor 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then loaded on a silica gelcartridge and purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 0-10% MeOH/DCM) to give(2S,5R)-2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(0.57 g, 32%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 316.4 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2

N,N-Dimethylpyridin-4-amine (155 mg, 1.27 mmol) was added to a 0° C.solution of(2S,5R)-2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(0.20 g, 0.63 mmol), Boc₂O (0.27 g, 1.27 mmol), and triethylamine (0.18mL, 1.27 mmol) in DMF. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rtand was stirred for 2-3 hrs. The reaction mixture was then concentrated,re-dissolved in DCM (50 mL), washed with water (50 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 0-50% EtOAc/hexane) to give tert-butyl(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbamate(0.16 g, 60.7%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 416.4 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3-5

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbamate,(2S,5R)-2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate was obtained (64 mg) after prep-HPLC using ammoniumformate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 306.25 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O)δ 4.61 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (br s, 1H), 3.17 (br d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H),2.98 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.27-1.81 (m, 4H).

Example 17 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-carbamoyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 706)

Step 1

HATU (0.95 g, 2.5 mmol) was added to a 0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide(1.00 g, 2.5 mmol), 2-amino-2-oxoacetic acid (0.18 g, 2.1 mmol) andDIPEA (1.08 g, 8.4 mmol) in DMF (10 mL). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 1 h then quenched with saturated sodium chloride(50 mL) and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer wasexacted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was washed withsaturated sodium chloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (1:1EtOAc/hexane) to give2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoacetamide(0.57 g, 64%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 362 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2

(CF₃SO₂)₂O (0.58 g, 2.08 mmol) was slowly added to a −10° C. solution of2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoacetamide(0.30 g, 0.83 mmol) and pyridine (0.6 mL) in dry DCM (5 mL). Thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt. The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 1 h then quenched with sat. NaHCO₃ very slowly. Theorganic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was exacted with EtOAc(3×). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 1:10 to 2:1 EtOAc/hexane followed by10:1 to 2:1 petroleum ether/EtOAC) to give5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide(0.18 g, 47%) as a slight yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 344.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3

To a solution of5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide(0.14 g, 0.41 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (0.14 g). Themixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at rt for 3 hrs then filteredand concentrated to provide5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide(103 mg, 100%), which was directly used in the next step. ESI-MS (EI⁺,m/z): 254 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4

To a solution of5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide(103 mg, 0.41 mmol) in dry pyridine (2.0 mL) was added SO₃.Py (323 mg,2.03 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 hrs and thenconcentrated under vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in aqueousNaH₂PO₄ (1.5 M, 10 mL) then tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (166mg, 0.49 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 minutes,then extracted with EtOAc (4×). The combined organic layer was dried andconcentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 10:1 to 8:1 DCM/acetone) to affordtetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (110 mg, 36%). ESI-MS (EI⁻, m/z): 333.0 [M−H]⁻.

Step 5 Sodium Resin Exchange

tetrabutylammonium(2S,5R)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (110 mg) was dissolved in a minimum amount of HPLC grade water(˜80 mL) and passed through a column of 20 g of DOWEX 50WX 8 Na⁺ resin(the resin was pre-washed with >5 L of HPLC grade water) and eluted withHPLC grade water to provide sodium(2S,5R)-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (55 mg, 80%) as a white solid after lyophilization. ESI-MS (EI⁻,m/z): 332.0 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, D₂O): δ4.97-4.93 (m, 1H), 4.27 (brs, 1H), 3.29 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.39 (m,1H), 2.31-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.98 (m, 1H).

Example 18 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 719)

Step 1

HATU (3.3 g, 8.7 mmol) and tert-butyl4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.29 g, 9.42 mmol) wereadded to a 0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (2 g, 7.25 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL), followed by the addition ofDIPEA (2.8 g, 21.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for12 hrs then washed with water and saturated sodium chloride, dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 1%-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give tert-butyl4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylateas a white solid. (2.2 g, 62%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 502.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2

Lawesson's reagent (0.16 g, 6 mol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl4-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate(0.16 g, 0.319 mmol) in THF (20 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at70° C. for 0.5 h. The solution was cooled to room temperature and sat.NaHCO₃ was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layerwas exacted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 20%-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to givetert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate(90 mg, 50%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 500.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.48-7.37 (m, 5H), 4.99-4.94 (m, 2H), 4.77 (d,J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (d, J=11 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (s, 1H), 3.39-3.35 (m, 1H),2.88-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.68 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (dd, J=7.5, 5.5 Hz, 1H),2.05-1.96 (m, 4H), 1.79-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Step 3

To a solution of tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate(120 mg, 0.24 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added 10% Pd(OH)₂/C (200 mg). Themixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at rt for 3 h, filtered andconcentrated to afford tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylateas a yellow solid, which was directly used in the next step. ESI-MS(EI⁺, m/z): 410.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4

To a solution of tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-6-hydroxy-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylatefrom the former step in dry pyridine (3 mL) was added SO₃.Py (266 mg,1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 hrs and then concentratedunder vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in aqueous NaH₂PO₄ (1.5 M, 20mL) then tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate (150 mg, 0.44 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 minutes, then extracted withEtOAc (4×). The combined organic layer was dried and concentrated andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 10:1 to 1:1 DCM/acetone) to afford tetrabutylammonium tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-7-oxo-6-(sulfooxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylateas a white solid (110 mg, 62%). ESI-MS (EI⁻, m/z): 488.1 [M−H]⁻.

Step 5

Tetrabutylammonium tert-butyl4-(5-((2S,5R)-7-oxo-6-(sulfooxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate(110 mg, 0.15 mmol) was dissolved in a minimum amount of HPLC gradewater (˜15 mL) and passed through a column of 16 g of DOWEX 50WX 8 Na⁺resin (the resin was pre-washed with >0.5 L of HPLC grade water) andeluted with HPLC grade water to afford sodium(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate after lyophilization as a white solid (50 mg, 65%). ESI-MS (EI⁻,m/z): 488.0 [M−H]⁻. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.88 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.15(s, 1H), 4.06 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 2H), 3.39-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.13 (d, J=2 Hz,1H), 2.94-2.87 (m, 3H), 2.45-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.04 (m, 4H), 1.89-1.86(m, 1H), 1.67-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.36 (s, 9H).

Step 6

TFA (0.20 mL) was added to a 0° C. mixture of sodium(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (50 mg, 0.10 mmol) in dry DCM (0.60 mL). The reaction mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 2-3 hrs and then diluted with ether (˜10 mL).The precipitate was collected via centrifugation, washed with ether (3×)and dried under high vacuum to afford(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (10 mg, 25%) after prep-HPLC using ammonium formatebuffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 390.12.

Example 19 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 722)

Step 1: Synthesis of methyl 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino)propanoate

To a solution of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino)propanoic acid (7.0g, 0.032 mol) and K₂CO₃ (13.3 g, 0.096 mol) in DMF (100 mL) was addedMeI (9.0 g, 0.064 mol) at rt. The resultant solution was stirred at rtfor 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice water andextracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The combined organic layer was driedover Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution 0%-10%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford methyl 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino)propanoate (6.9 g, 92%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺,m/z): 118 [M−100+H]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl(methyl)carbamate

To a solution of methyl 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl (methyl)amino)propanoate(6.9 g, 0.0317 mol) in EtOH (15 mL) was added hydrazine monohydrate (7.7mL, 0.158 mol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. andstirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated, andthen DCM (300 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed with water andsaturated sodium chloride, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to affordtert-butyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl(methyl)carbamate (6.8 g, 98%) assticky oil, which was used directly in the next step. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):118 [M−100+H]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl(methyl)carbamate

To a 0° C. solution of tert-butyl3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl(methyl)carbamate (4.3 g, 19.8 mmol) and(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (4.9 g, 0.0178 mol) in DMF (100 mL) was added HATU (8.2 g, 0.0218mol), followed by dropwise addition of DIPEA (9.6 mL, 0.0594 mol)slowly. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h, and then quenched withice water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combinedorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 20-60% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl(methyl)carbamate(6.7 g, 78%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 476 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl(methyl)carbamateMethod A

Tf₂O (7.2 mL, 0.0423 mol) was added slowly, drop-wise to a −78° C.solution of tert-butyl3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl(methyl)carbamate(6.7 g, 14.1 mmol) and pyridine (9.1 mL, 0.113 mol) in dry DCM (110 mL).The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0° C. then was stirred at 0°C. for 3 hrs. Aqueous NaHCO₃ was added at 0° C. very slowly. The organiclayer was separated and the water layer was washed with DCM (3×). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Thecrude product was purified by reverse-phase biotage (water/acetonitrilegradient) to afford tert-butyl2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl(methyl)carbamate(3.3 g, 51%) as a light yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 458.0 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.45-7.36 (m, 5H), 5.09 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H),4.94 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.37(s, 1H), 3.31 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.82 (s, 3H),2.32-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.12 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Method B

To a solution of PPh₃ (5.3 g, 20.0 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (250 mL) at rt wasadded I₂(5.2 g, 20.0 mmol). After I₂ was dissolved completely, thesolution was cooled to 0° C. and TEA (7.0 mL, 50.0 mmol) was added.Tert-butyl3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxopropyl(methyl)carbamate(4.8 g, 10.0 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr.The mixture was concentrated, EtOAc (250 mL) was added, and the solutionwas filtered to remove POPh₃. The filtrate was concentrated and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 30 to 50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl(methyl)carbamate(4.1 g, 85%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 458 [M+H]⁺. Step 5-7:Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)(methyl)carbamate;(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (1.2 g) was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 348.2. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.76 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (br s, 1H), 3.44 (t,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (br d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.93(d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.98-1.86 (m, 1H).

Example 20 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((azetidin-3-ylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 726)

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylamino)azetidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate (10.0 g, 58mmol), ethyl 2-bromoacetate (10.7 g, 64 mmol) and potassium carbonate(24.0 g, 174 mmol) in MeCN (200 mL) was stirred at rt for 13 hrs. Thereaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The crude material waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution 0-66%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylamino)azetidine-1-carboxylate (12.1 g, 81%) as awhite solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 259.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylamino)azetidine-1-carboxylate (10.3 g, 40 mmol),di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (10.4 g, 48 mmol) and potassium carbonate(16.6 g, 120 mmol) in MeCN (200 mL) was stirred at rt for 6 hrs. Thereaction mixture was then filtered and concentrated. The crude productwas purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution 0-80%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate(13.0 g, 90%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 359.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate(7.2 g, 20 mmol), hydrazine (5.0 g, 100 mmol) and ethanol (50 mL) wasstirred at 80° C. for 17 hrs. The reaction mixture was then concentratedto afford the crude tert-butyl3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate(6.4 g, 94%) as a white solid, which was used directly in the next step.ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 345.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-((2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate

DIPEA (14 g, 0.11 mol) was added to a 0° C. solution of tert-butyl3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate(15 g, 0.044 mol),(5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (10 g, 0.036 mol) and HATU (15 g, 0.04 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (250 mL). Themixture was allowed to warm to rt then was stirred at rt for 2 hrs. Themixture was quenched with saturated sodium chloride (50 mL) and theorganic layer was separated. The water layer was extracted with EtOAc(3×). The combined organic layer was washed with saturated sodiumchloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution 0-50%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl3-((2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate(18.5 g, 86%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 603.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate

Et₃N (8.3 g, 0.082 mol) was added to a 0° C. solution of I₂ (10.43 g,0.041 mol) and PPh₃ (10.76 g, 0.041 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (250 mL). After themixture was stirred at rt for 0.5 hr, tert-butyl3-((2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate(12.34 g, 0.0205 mol) was added. The mixture was stirred for another 1hr. The mixture was then concentrated and EtOAc (250 mL) was added tothe resulting residue. The residue, was stirred and then filtrated toremove Ph₃PO. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gelcolumn chromatography (gradient elution 33-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) toafford tert-butyl3-(((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate (9.6 g, 80%). ESI-MS (Er, m/z): 585.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 6-8

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl3-(((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate;(2S,5R)-2-(5-((azetidin-3-ylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (1.5 g) was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (Er, m/z): 375.1. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 5.00 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.34 (m, 3H), 4.25 (s,2H), 4.21-4.08 (m, 3H), 3.41 (br d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (d, J=12.3 Hz,1H), 2.57-2.28 (m, 3H), 2.19-2.08 (m, 1H).

Example 21 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 727)

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl((1s,3s)-3-(hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate

A solution of (1s,3s)-methyl3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutanecarboxylate (1.0 g, 4.36 mmol)in NH₂NH₂.H₂O (2 mL, 65.4 mmol) was stirred at rt for 12 hrs. Et₂O (20mL) was then added to the mixture and the product was obtain byfiltration. The solid material was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl((1s,3s)-3-(hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate (0.8 g, 80%) as awhite solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 230.4.

Step 2: Synthesis oftert-butyl((1S,3r)-3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate

HATU (56.4 g, 148 mmol), and DIPEA (27.8 mL, 160 mmol) were added to asolution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (31.6 g, 114 mmol) and tert-butyl 4-hydrazinyl-4-oxobutylcarbamate(28.8 g, 126 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (460 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for4 hrs then diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (300 mL), washed with water (2×) andsaturated sodium chloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated togive a slightly yellow solid that was used in the next step withoutfurther purification. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 488.5.

Step 3: Synthesis oftert-butyl((1s,3r)-3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl((1s,3r)-3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate(65 g, 133 mmol) in DCM (445 mL) was added DIPEA (45 mL, 267 mmol),followed by and Burgess reagent (63.5 g, 267 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt 12 hrs and then diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (300 mL), washedwith water (2×) and saturated sodium chloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄,and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 0-50% DCM/acetone) to affordten-butyl((1s,3r)-3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl)carbamateas a slightly pink solid (29 g, 62 mmol, 54% over 2 steps). ESI-MS (EI⁺,m/z): 470.5.

Step 4-6

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl((1S,3r)-3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl)carbamate;(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (3.3 g) was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 360.2. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.74 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (br s, 1H), 3.96-3.80(m, 1H), 3.72-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.17 (br d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (d, J=12.3Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.08 (m, 3H),2.00-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 22 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-(guanidinomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 723)

Step 1: Synthesis oftert-butyl(1-(hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate

CDI (12.5 g, 0.077 mol) was added to a 0° C. solution of1-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (15.0 g,0.07 mol) in THF (250 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to rt, andstirred at rt. for 2 hrs, and then NH₂NH₂H₂O (10.5 g, 0.21 mol) wasadded rapidly. The mixture was stirred for another 1 hr. The reactionmixture was concentrated, and then CH₂Cl₂ (500 mL) was added. Thecombined organic layer was washed with H₂O (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,and concentrated to affordtert-butyl(1-(hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate (13.5 g,84%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 230.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis oftert-butyl(1-(2-((5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate

DIPEA (14 g, 0.11 mol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl(1-(hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate (10.0 g, 0.044 mol),(5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (10 g, 0.036 mol), and HATU (15 g, 0.04 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (250 mL).The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted withCH₂Cl₂ (500 mL), washed with H₂O (300 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated. The crude product was washed with EtOAc (200 mL), andfiltrated to affordtert-butyl(1-(2-((5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate(15 g, 85%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 488.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis oftert-butyl(1-(5-((5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate

Et₃N (8.3 g, 0.082 mol) was added to a 0° C. solution of I₂ (10.43 g,0.041 mol), PPh₃ (10.76 g, 0.041 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (250 mL). The mixturewas allowed to warm to rt. After stirring at rt for 0.5 hr,tert-butyl(1-(2-((5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate(10 g, 0.0205 mol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for another1 hr. The mixture was concentrated, EtOAc (250 mL) was added, and themixture was filtered to remove Ph₃PO. The filtrate was concentrated andthe residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 33-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl(1-(5-((5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate(8 g, 83%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 470.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of(5R)-2-(5-(1-(aminomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one

TFA (30 mL) was added to a 0° C. solution oftert-butyl(1-(5-((5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclopropyl)methylcarbamate(8 g, 0.017 mol) in DCM (100 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to rtand was stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated and theresidue was washed with Et₂O (50 mL), and then filtrated to afford(5R)-2-(5-(1-(aminomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(7 g, 99%), which was used directly in the next step. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z):370.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of(5R)-2-(5-(1-(2,3-bis-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-guanidinomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one

Et₃N (5 g, 0.05 mol) and tert-butyl(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methylene)carbamate (5.5g, 17.5 mmol) were added to a solution of(5R)-2-(5-(1-(aminomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(7 g, 0.017 mol) in CH₃OH (500 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 4hrs and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 50 to 66% EtOAc/petroleum ether) toafford(5R)-2-(5-(1-(2,3-bis-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-guanidinomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one(9 g, 86%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 612.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 6-8

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with(5R)-2-(5-(1-(2,3-bis-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-guanidinomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one;(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-(guanidinomethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (0.74 g) was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 402.1. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.74 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 2H),3.17 (br d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.05 (m, 3H),1.98-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.38 (br s, 2H), 1.23 (br s, 2H).

Example 23 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1-aminocyclopropyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 724)

Step 1: Synthesis of 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propanenitrile

Imidazole (33.6 g, 495 mmol) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (27.2g, 180 mmol) were added to a 0° C. solution of 3-hydroxypropanenitrile(10.6 g, 150 mmol) in DMF 50 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to rt,then was stirred at rt for 12 hrs. The mixture was quenched with water(500 mL), and then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layerwas dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (gradient elution 0-5% EtOAc/petroleumether) to give 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propanenitrile (18 g, 75%)as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 3.74 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H),2.43 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 0.81 (s, 9H), 0.00 (s, 6H).

Step 2: Synthesis of1-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)cyclopropanamine

To a solution of 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propanenitrile (11.1 g,60 mmol) in Et₂O (400 mL) was added titanium tetraisopropanolate (28.9g, 102 mmol) under N₂ atmosphere. Ethylmagnesium bromide (3M in Et₂O, 50mL) was slowly added drop-wise at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at rtfor 1 hr. Boron trifluoride etherate (17.0 g, 120 mmol) was slowly addedat 0° C. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr. The mixture wasquenched with 10% aq. NaOH (300 mL) and then extracted with DCM (3×).The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradientelution 5-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford1-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)cyclopropanamine (3.9 g, 30%) asa colorless oil. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 216.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl1-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)cyclopropyl-carbamate

A solution of 1-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)cyclopropanamine(1.9 g, 8.8 mmol), (Boc)₂O (2.9 g, 13.2 mmol), NaHCO₃ (1.5 g, 17.6 mmol)in THF/H₂O (20 mL/20 mL) was stirred at rt for 17 hrs. The mixture wasextracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (0-15% gradient elution EtOAc/petroleum ether) to affordtert-butyl 1-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate(2.5 g, 90%) as a colorless oil. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 316 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate

A solution of tert-butyl1-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate (11.9 g,37.8 mmol) and 3HF.TEA (22.0 g) in DCM (50 mL) was stirred at rt for 17hrs. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (0-20% gradient elution EtOAc/petroleum ether)to afford tert-butyl 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate (4.6 g, 60%)as a white solid.

Step 5: Synthesis of 2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclopropyl)aceticacid

RuCl₃.H₂O (124 mg, 0.6 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl1-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate (6.1 g, 30 mmol), and NaIO₄ (19.0g, 90 mmol) in DCM/H₂O/CH₃CN (20 mL/40 mL/20 mL). The mixture wasstirred at rt for 3 hrs. The mixture was then diluted with H₂O (100 mL),and extracted with DCM (3×). The combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (0-30% gradient elution EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclopropyl)acetic acid (6.0 g, 90%) as awhite solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 238 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 6: Synthesis of tert-butyl1-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate

A solution of 2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclopropyl)acetic acid(1.5 g, 6.9 mmol),(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide(3.1 g, 7.6 mmol), DIPEA (2.7 g, 21.0 mmol), and HATU (3.9 g, 10.45mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr. The mixture wasquenched with saturated sodium chloride (150 mL) and EtOAc (150 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and washed with saturated sodium chloride(2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (0-80% gradient elution EtOAc/petroleumether) to afford tert-butyl1-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate(2.4 g, 70%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 488 [M+H]⁺.

Step 7: Synthesis of tert-butyl1-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclopropylcarbamateMethod A

Pyridine (5.2 g, 65.6 mmol) was added to a 0° C. solution of tert-butyl1-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclopropylcarbamate(4.0 g, 8.2 mmol) in DCM (40 mL). Tf₂O (5.7 g, 20.5 mmol) was addedslowly at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3.5 hrs.Sat. NaHCO₃ was added very slowly at 0° C. The organic layer wasseparated and washed with saturated sodium chloride (2×), dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (0-70% gradient elution EtOAc/petroleum ether) to affordtert-butyl1-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclopropylcarbamate(2.6 g, 65%) as a yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 470 [M+H]⁺.

Method B

To s solution of PPh₃ (5.2 g, 20.0 mmol) in dry DCM (60 mL) was added I₂(5.1 g, 20.0 mmol). After I₂ was dissolved completely, TEA (7.0 mL, 50.0mmol) was added quickly at rt. The mixture was stirred for 15 mins.Tert-butyl1-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclopropyl-carbamate(4.9 g, 10.0 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr.The solvent was concentrated. EtOAc (250 mL) was added, and the solutionwas filtered to remove PPh₃O. The filtrate was concentrated and theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0-60% gradientelution EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl1-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclopropyl-carbamate(4.1 g, 87%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 470 [M+H]⁺.

Step 8-10

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl(1-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclopropyl)carbamate;(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1-aminocyclopropyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (0.78 g) was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 360.1. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.25 (s,2H), 3.17 (br d, J=12.7 Hz, 1H), 2.95 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.03 (m,3H), 2.00-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.08-0.86 (m, 4H).

Example 24 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(azetidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 725)

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (25.0 g, 109 mmol) inMeOH (150 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (27.3 g, 546 mmol) at rt. The mixturewas heated at 65° C. for 12 hrs and then concentrated. The residue wasdiluted with DCM (400 mL), washed with water (2×) and saturated sodiumchloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give tert-butyl3-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (24.0 g, 96%) as ayellow gum. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 252 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate

HATU (19.6 g, 52.2 mmol) and DIPEA (16.6 g, 130.5 mmol) were added to a0° C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (12.0 g, 43.5 mmol), tert-butyl3-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (11.3 g, 49.8 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (360 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to rt then themixture was stirred at rt for 12 hrs. The mixture was then diluted withCH₂Cl₂ (300 mL), washed with water (2×) and saturated sodiumchloride(2×), dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (0-20% gradient elution EtOAc/petroleum ether)to afford tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate(19.3 g, 93%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 488 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate

To s solution of PPh₃ (2.2 g, 8.2 mmol) in dry DCM (60 mL) was added I₂(2.1 g, 8.2 mmol). After I₂ was dissolved completely, TEA (1.7 g, 16.4mmol) was added quickly at rt. The mixture was stirred for 15 mins.Tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate(2.0 g, 4.1 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. Thereaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (gradient elution 0-40% EtOAc/petroleum ether)to afford tert-butyl3-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate(1.3 g, 66%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (Er, m/z): 470 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4-6

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl3-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(azetidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 360.2. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) 4.74 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), δ 4.23-4.15 (m, 3H), 3.95(dd, J=11.5, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.25 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H),3.17-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.88 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.27-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.95-1.85(m, 1H).

Example 25 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1s,3R)-3-aminocyclobutyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 728) and(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1r,35)-3-aminocyclobutyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 751)

Step 1: Synthesis of ethyl2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclobutylidene)acetate

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-oxocyclobutylcarbamate (1.0 g, 5.4 mmol)in toluene (10 mL) was added ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate(2.1 g, 5.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 2 hrs,and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography(10% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford ethyl2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclobutylidene)acetate (1.2 g, 89%).ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 256 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of ethyl2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclobutyl)acetate

10% Pd/C (360 mg) was added to a solution of ethyl2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclobutylidene)acetate (1.2 g, 4.8 mmol)in MeOH (10 mL) at 23° C. The reaction mixture was stirred under a H₂balloon at rt for 1.5 hrs. The mixture was filtered and concentrated.The residue was purified by silica gel column (10% EtOAc/petroleumether) to afford ethyl2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclobutyl)-acetate (1.2 g, 96%). ESI-MS(EI⁺, m/z): 258 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)cyclobutylcarbamate

A solution of ethyl 2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclobutyl)acetate(1.2 g, 4.7 mmol) and hydrazine hydrate (1.4 g, 23.5 mmol) in EtOH (8mL) was heated at 80° C. for 17 hrs. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and the residue was dissolved in DCM (20 mL). The organicphase was washed with saturated sodium chloride (10 mL) and water (10mL). The water layer was exacted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford tert-butyl3-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)cyclobutylcarbamate (1.1 g, 97%). ESI-MS(EI⁺, m/z): 244 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclobutylcarbamate

HATU (1.6 g, 4.3 mmol) and DIPEA (0.93 g, 7.2 mmol) were added to a 0°C. solution of(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylicacid (1.0 g, 3.6 mmol), tert-butyl3-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)cyclobutylcarbamate (0.97 g, 3.9 mmol) in DMF(10 mL) at. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr. Themixture was quenched with saturated sodium chloride (50 mL) and theorganic layer was separated. The water layer was exacted with EtOAc(3×). The combined organic layer was washed with saturated sodiumchloride (2×), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (50% EtOAc/petroleum ether)to afford tert-butyl3-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclobutylcarbamate(1.5 g, 88%). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 502 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl3-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclobutylcarbamateMethod A

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclobutylcarbamate(1.0 g, 1.99 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added pyridine (1.5 mL).(CF₃SO₂)₂O (1.4 g, 4.97 mmol) was added slowly at −10° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Sat. NaHCO₃ was added at 0° C.very slowly. The organic layer was separated and the water layer wasexacted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (gradient elution 10˜50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to affordtert-butyl3-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclobutylcarbamate(0.7 g, 48%) as a slight yellow solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 484.0 [M-+H]⁺.

Method B

To s solution of PPh₃ (7.9 g, 30.0 mmol) in dry DCM (60 mL) was added I₂(7.8 g, 30.0 mmol). After I₂ was dissolved completely, TEA (10.5 mL,75.0 mmol) was added quickly at rt. The mixture was stirred for 15 mins.Tert-butyl3-(2-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)cyclobutyl-carbamate(4.9 g, 15.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr.The solvent was concentrated. EtOAc (300 mL) was added, and the solutionwas filtered to remove PPh₃O. The filtrate was concentrated. The residuewas purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution 0-50%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl3-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclobutyl-carbamate(6.2 g, 85%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 484.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 6-8

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl(3-((5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate,(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1s,3R)-3-aminocyclobutyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (245 mg) and(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (178 mg) were obtained as white solids after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer.

(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1s,3R)-3-aminocyclobutyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 728): ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.3. ¹H NMR (300MHz, D₂O) δ 4.76 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.71-3.55 (m, 1H),3.16 (br d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (d, J=12.3 Hz,1H), 2.58-2.40 (m, 3H), 2.32-2.03 (m, 3H), 1.96-1.78 (m, 3H).

(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 751): ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z) 374.0. ¹H NMR (300MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.89-3.79 (m, 1H),3.16 (br d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 2.86-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.05 (m, 7H), 1.99-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 26 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1S,3R)-3-aminocyclopentyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 729)

Step 1: Synthesis oftert-butyl(1R,3S)-3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopentylcarbamate

To a 0° C. solution of(1S,3R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (3.8 g,16.6 mmol) and(2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide(5.3 g, 18.26 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) were added HATU (7.6 g, 19.92 mmol)and DIPEA (11.6 ml, 66.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C. for 1.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with water andextracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layer was washed withsaturated sodium chloride (4×) and citric acid (5% aq.), dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column(gradient elution 50-80% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to afford tert-butyl(1R,3S)-3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopentylcarbamate(4.5 g, 55%) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 502.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis oftert-butyl(1R,3S)-3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclopentylcarbamate

To a 0° C. solution of PPh₃ (2.2 g 8.4 mmol) in dry DCM (20 mL) wasadded I₂ (2.1 g, 8.4 mmol). After I₂ was dissolved, TEA (2.4 mL, 16.8mmol) was added quickly at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15min. tert-Butyl(1R,3S)-3-(2-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)cyclopentylcarbamate(2.1 g, 4.2 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purifiedby silica gel column (gradient elution 0-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) toafford the crude tert-butyl(1R,3S)-3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclopentylcarbamate(˜1.7 g) as a white solid. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 484.1.

Step 3-5

Following Steps 3-5 in Example 4, replacing tert-butyl(2-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamatein Step 3 with tert-butyl((1R,3S)-3-(5-((2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)cyclopentyl)carbamate;(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1S,3R)-3-aminocyclopentyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (286 mg) was obtained as a white solid after prep-HPLCpurification using ammonium formate buffer. ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.2. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.74 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.82-3.66(m, 1H), 3.56-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.15 (br d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (d, J=12.3Hz, 1H), 2.67-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.30-1.69 (m, 9H).

The compounds described in Examples 27-87 were prepared as described inthe reaction schemes following similar procedures of Examples 1-26.

Example 27 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(4-aminobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 735)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 362.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.73 (d, J=6.3 Hz,1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.28-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.79 (m, 5H), 2.38-2.03(m, 4H), 2.06-1.45 (m, 4H).

Example 28 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-iminoimidazolidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 767)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 5.41 (dd, J=10.1, 4.9Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.78 (m, 1H),3.27-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.90 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.01 (m, 3H), 2.01-1.70(m, 1H).

Example 29 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 715)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 350.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 5.25 (dd, J=8.4, 3.9Hz, 1H), 4.78 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.32 (m, 2H),3.23-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.92 (dd, J=12.3, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.02 (m, 3H),2.03-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 30 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((R)-2-guanidino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 731)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 392.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 5.15 (t, J=4.9 Hz,1H), 4.78 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (s, 1H), 3.78-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.11(m, 1H), 2.89 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.39-2.08 (m, 3H), 2.03-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 31 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((S)-2-guanidino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 732)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 392.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 5.14 (t, J=4.9 Hz,1H), 4.78 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (s, 1H), 3.66 (dd, J=5.3, 3.2 Hz, 2H),3.17 (br d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 2.35-2.00 (m, 3H),1.97-1.85 (m, 1H).

Example 32 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 733)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 364.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.77 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.38-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.18 (br s, 1H), 3.46-2.84 (m, 6H), 2.36-2.03(m, 3H), 2.05-1.74 (m, 1H).

Example 33 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-guanidino-2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 730)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 406.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.41-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.37 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.31-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.89(d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.02 (m, 3H), 2.02-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 34 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-((2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 716)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 377.3. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.78 (d, J=6.7 Hz,1H), 4.20 (br s, 1H), 3.57-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.26 (m, 6H), 3.26-3.11(m, 1H), 2.95 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.33-2.07 (m, 3H), 2.06-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 35 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1,2-diaminoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 717)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 349.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.79 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.56-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.19 (br s, 1H), 3.52-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.13(m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 2.35-2.09 (m, 3H), 2.09-1.81 (m, 1H).

Example 36 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 737)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 362.3. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.78 (d, J=7.3 Hz,1H), 4.18 (br s, 1H), 3.28 (s, 2H), 3.20-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=12.3Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.07 (m, 3H), 2.01-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.33 (m, 6H).

Example 37 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1-guanidinocyclopropyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 739)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 402.3. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.17 (br s, 1H), 3.27-3.00 (m, 3H), 2.90 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H),2.36-2.04 (m, 3H), 2.03-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.09-0.84 (m, 4H).

Example 38 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 759)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 360.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.78 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.20 (br s, 1H), 4.05-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.54(m, 1H), 3.54-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H),2.62-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.43-2.09 (m, 4H), 2.04-1.85 (m, 1H).

Example 39 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 758)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 360.1.

Example 40 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-azaspiro[3,3]heptan-6-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 750)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 386.3.

Example 41 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1-carbamimidoylazetidin-3-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 741)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 402.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 4.63 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.27-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.07 (br s, 1H), 3.84 (dd, J=8.7, 4.8 Hz, 2H),3.32-3.25 (m, 3H), 3.03-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.71 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.21-2.10(m, 1H), 2.08-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.79 (m, 1H).

Example 42 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-(azetidin-3-yl)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 742)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.73 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.16 (brs, 1H), 4.12-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.09 (m,1H), 3.02-2.74 (m, 4H), 2.32-1.76 (m, 6H).

Example 43 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((azetidin-3-yloxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 744)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 376.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.78 (s, 2H), 4.74 (d,J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.66-4.56 (m, 1H), 4.34-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.16 (br s, 1H),4.06-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.88 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.35-2.00(m, 3H), 2.00-1.80 (m, 1H).

Example 44 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-(azetidin-3-yl)propyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 743)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 388.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 4.11-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.72 (dd, J=11.4, 7.6 Hz, 2H),3.22-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.74 (m, 4H), 2.34-2.03 (m, 3H), 2.01-1.77 (m,1H), 1.72-1.50 (m, 4H).

Example 45 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 764)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.74 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.50 (dd, J=11.8, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.45-3.31 (m, 1H),3.30-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.11-2.68 (m, 5H), 2.33-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.01-1.80 (m,1H), 1.80-1.53 (m, 1H).

Example 46 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1R,3S)-3-aminocyclopentyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 768)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.3.

Example 47 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 740)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 372.3.

Example 48 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (Compound 782)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 382.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 8.95 (d, J=6.8 Hz,2H), 8.53 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.92 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (s, 3H), 4.20(br s, 1H), 3.22 (br d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H),2.42-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.90 (m, 1H).

Example 49 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 777)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.77 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.96 (s, 2H), 3.22-3.11 (m, 5H), 2.88 (d, J=12.3Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.76 (m, 4H), 2.31-2.02 (m, 3H), 1.98-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 50 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 774)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 403.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.77 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.20-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.91 (m,2H), 2.87 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.04 (m, 5H), 2.03-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.57(q, J=11.7 Hz, 2H).

Example 51 Synthesis of (2S,5R)-2-(5-((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 747)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 360.2.

Example 52 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1r,3S)-3-guanidinocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 748)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 402.3.

Example 53(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1s,3R)-3-guanidinocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 749)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 402.2.

Example 54 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-((1s,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 754)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 388.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.68 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.11 (br s, 1H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.10 (br d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H),2.86-2.67 (m, 3H), 2.38-1.94 (m, 6H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.66-1.52 (m,2H).

Example 55 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1-carbamimidoylazetidin-3-yl)amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 746)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 417.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=5.8 Hz,1H), 4.26-4.15 (m, 3H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 3.82-3.72 (m, 3H), 3.21-3.12 (m,1H), 2.88 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.02 (m, 3H), 1.99-1.84 (m, 1H).

Example 56 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-(azetidin-3-ylamino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 745)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.2.

Example 57 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((((1s,3R)-3-aminocyclobutyl)amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 756) and(2S,5R)-2-(5-((((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 757)

(2S,5R)-2-(5-((((1s,3R)-3-aminocyclobutyl)amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 756): ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.2. ¹H NMR (300MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.91 (s, 2H),3.85-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.86 (d, J=12.2Hz, 1H), 2.36-2.02 (m, 7H), 1.99-1.83 (m, 1H).

(2S,5R)-2-(5-((((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 757). ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.2. ¹H NMR (300MHz, D₂O, as formate salt) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.16(br s, 1H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.44 (dt, J=16.1, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.07 (m,2H), 2.86 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.03 (m, 3H),1.98-1.76 (m, 3H)

Example 58 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(((R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 766)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.77 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.17 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.36 (dd, J=12.5,6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.29-3.12 (m, 2H), 3.06 (dd, J=12.2, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (d,J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.07 (m, 5H), 1.99-1.75 (m, 1H).

Example 59 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(((S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 765)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.12 (br s, 1H), 3.98 (s, 2H), 3.54-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.26 (m,2H), 3.27-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.01 (dd, J=12.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (d, J=12.3Hz, 1H), 2.29-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.61 (m, 2H).

Example 60 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((2S,4S)-4-aminopyrrolidin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 760)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 375.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.76 (d, J=6.7 Hz,1H), 4.65-4.55 (m, 1H), 4.18 (br s, 1H), 3.93-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.28(m, 1H), 3.24-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.75 (dd, J=14.6, 7.9 Hz,1H), 2.34-1.82 (m, 5H).

Example 61 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((2S,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 762)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 375.3.

Example 62 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((2R,4S)-4-aminopyrrolidin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 763)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 375.3.

Example 63 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 761)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 375.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.59 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.92-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.32(dd, J=11.9, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.22-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.73(dt, J=15.8, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 2.33-1.76 (m, 5H).

Example 64 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-((piperidin-4-ylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 769)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 403.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.81 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.40 (s, 2H), 4.19 (br s, 1H), 3.55-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.23 (m,1H), 3.20 (br d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.01-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.91 (d, J=12.3 Hz,1H), 2.38-2.07 (m, 5H), 2.03-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.58 (m, 2H).

Example 65 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(2-(piperidin-4-ylamino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 770)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 417.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.79 (d, J=6.9 Hz,1H), 4.20 (br s, 1H), 3.61-3.51 (m, 5H), 3.38 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.21(br d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.11-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H),2.39-2.10 (m, 5H), 2.01-1.76 (m, 3H).

Example 66 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(3-(piperidin-4-ylamino)propyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 771)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 431.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O, as formate salt) δ 8.34(s, 1H), 4.74 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (br s, 1H), 3.71-3.21 (m, 3H),3.23-2.69 (m, 8H), 2.34-2.06 (m, 7H), 2.02-1.59 (m, 3H).

Example 67 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(4-(piperidin-4-ylamino)butyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 772)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 445.3. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O, as formate salt) δ 8.28(s, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (br s, 1H), 3.50-3.24 (m, 3H),3.11 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 3.06-2.72 (m, 7H), 2.35-2.00 (m, 5H), 1.97-1.51(m, 7H).

Example 68 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 776)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 403.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.75 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.21-3.02 (m, 6H), 2.96-2.83 (m, 4H), 2.71 (br s,4H), 2.32-2.03 (m, 3H), 1.96-1.84 (m, 1H).

Example 69 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-((R)-piperazin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 779)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 375.3. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.81 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.57 (dd, J=8.8, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (br s, 1H), 3.65 (dd, J=13.0,3.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46-2.98 (m, 6H), 2.92 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.05 (m,3H), 2.02-1.82 (m, 1H).

Example 70 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-((S)-piperazin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 778)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 375.3.

Example 71 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 773)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.61 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.17 (br s, 1H), 3.96 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 2H), 3.52-3.36 (m, 1H),3.26-3.06 (m, 3H), 2.97 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.31-1.83 (m, 6H), 1.80-1.45(m, 2H).

Example 72 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 775)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 417.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O, as formate salt) δ 8.31(s, 1H), 4.74 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.78-3.55 (m, 4H),3.55-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.25-3.04 (m, 3H), 2.90 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.04(m, 5H), 1.97-1.75 (m, 3H).

Example 73 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((3-guanidinocyclobutyl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 752)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 416.2.

Example 74 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-((1r,3R)-3-aminocyclobutyl)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 753)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 388.3. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.74 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.81-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.72(m, 3H), 2.43-1.75 (m, ¹H).

Example 75 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1s,4R)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 780)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 388.2.

Example 76 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1r,4S)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 781)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 388.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.72 (d, J=6.6 Hz,1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.24-3.03 (m, 3H), 3.01-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.86 (d,J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.30-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.37 (m, 4H),1.32-1.10 (m, 2H).

Example 77 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-guanidino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 738)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 348.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.60 (d, J=6.6 Hz,1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.97 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H),2.27-1.85 (m, 4H).

Example 78 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 736)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 378.2.

Example 79(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-(methylamino)propyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 734)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 362.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.73 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.15 (br d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.08-2.99 (m, 2H),2.96 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.02(m, 5H), 1.99-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 80 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(guanidinomethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 721)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 378.1.

Example 81 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 718)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 350.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.89 (d, J=6.3 Hz,1H), 4.14 (br s, 1H), 3.50-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.14 (br d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H),2.90 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.50-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80(m, 1H).

Example 82 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(2-guanidinoethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 794)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 392.1. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.89 (d, J=6.7 Hz,1H), 4.14 (br s, 1H), 3.57 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H),3.14 (br d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.46-2.40 (m, 1H),2.20-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 1H).

Example 83 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1r,3S)-3-aminocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 783)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 376.3. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.90 (d, J=6.6 Hz,1H), 4.15-4.00 (m, 3H), 3.15 (br d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (d, J=12.4 Hz,1H), 2.74-2.69 (m, 4H), 2.48-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.82(m, 1H).

Example 84 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1s,3R)-3-aminocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 795)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 376.0. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O with a few drops ofDMSO-d6) δ 4.87 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (br s, 1H), 3.90-3.82 (m, 2H),3.14 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 3H), 2.55-2.37 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.14(m, 2H), 1.93-1.88 (m, 1H).

Example 85 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1s,3R)-3-guanidinocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 784)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 418. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.08 (br s, 1H),7.13 (br s, 4H), 4.78 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.09-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.62(m, 1H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.70 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.58-2.40 (m, 2H),2.37-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.70 (m, 1H).

Example 86 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-((1r,3S)-3-guanidinocyclobutyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 785)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 418.4. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.87 (d, J=14.3 Hz,1H), 4.27-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.09-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.91 (d,J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.78-2.52 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.04 (m, 2H),1.96-1.81 (m, 1H).

Example 87 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (Compound 786)

ESI-MS (EI⁻, m/z):. 396.0.

The compounds described in Examples 88-98 were prepared followingsimilar chemistry and procedures of Examples 1-87.

Example 88 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylsulfate (Compound 796)

ESI-MS (EI⁻, m/z): 416.1.

Example 89 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-(azetidin-3-ylamino)propyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 793)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 403.3.

Example 90 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 792)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 417.2. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ 4.73 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 4.16 (br s, 1H), 3.51-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.28 (brs, 4H), 3.22-3.12 (m,1H), 3.12-2.84 (m, 5H), 2.34-2.03 (m, 5H), 2.02-1.82 (m, 1H).

Example 91 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(6-aminospiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 787)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 400.0.

Example 92 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(7-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 788)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 414.0.

Example 93 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((3-aminocyclobutyl)amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 755)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 389.4

Example 94 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-2-(5-(((1s,3R)-3-aminocyclobutoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 789)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 390.1.

Example 95 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 790)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.2.

Example 96 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 791)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 374.3.

Example 97 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 797)

ESI-MS (EI⁺, m/z): 391.1.

Example 98 Synthesis of(2S,5R)-7-oxo-2-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ylhydrogen sulfate (Compound 798)

ESI-MS (EI⁻, m/z):. 382.0.

Example 99 Construction of Isogenic β-Lactamase Strains

A set of β-lactamase expressing isogenic E. coli strains was constructedby cloning a β-lactamase gene into a customized derivative of pBR322(GenBank Accession Number J01749) and transforming the engineeredplasmids into E. coli. The NdeI restriction site within the plasmidbackbone of pBR322 was removed to generate pBR322 ΔNdeI. The pBR322ΔNdeI vector itself, minus the blaTEM-1 gene, was amplified using twoprimers: (1) pBR-Pbla 5′-cgcatatgactettectttttcaatattattg-3, SEQ ID 1, aprimer with an engineered NdeI restriction site at the 3′ end of theblaTEM-1 promoter and (2) pBR-vec-1 5′-gcggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactc-3′,SEQ ID 2, a primer with an engineered BamHI restriction site at the 3′end of the blaTEM-1 open reading frame. The chloramphenicol resistancegene, cat, was generated by PCR amplification from pKD3 (GenBankAccession Number AY048742) using primers with an engineered NdeIrestriction site at the 5′ end (Pbla-cat5′-gccatatgatggagaaaaaaatcactgg-3′, SEQ ID 3) and an engineered BamHIrestriction site at the 3′ end (Vec-1-cat5′-cgggatccctagagaataggaacttcgg-3′, SEQ ID 4) of the resistance gene.The two PCR products, pBR322 ΔNdeI and cat were ligated togethergenerating pBR-CBST (pBR322 ΔNdeI ΔTEM-1::cat Seq. ID 5) which retainsboth the pBR322 tetracycline resistance cassette, tetA, and the plasmidorigin of replication but the blaTEM-1 gene was replaced by the catgene.

Using this engineering strategy a number of plasmids producingβ-lactamase genes from different classes (see below) were generatedusing synthetic genes with an engineered NdeI restriction site at the 5′end and BamHI restriction site at the 3′ end of each gene (GenScript).Both the synthetic β-lactamase genes and cat gene were ligated into theNdeI/BamHI sites of the pBR322 ΔNdeI PCR product and transformed intoelectrocompetent E. coli ElectroMax DH10B (Invitrogen/LifeTechnologies). E. coli DH10B harboring the recombinant plasmids wereselected on LB agar (supplemented with 25 μg/mL tetracycline) and singleisolated colonies were then inoculated into 5 mL LB media (supplementedwith 25 μg/mL tetracycline), and incubated at 37° C. with aeration (250rpm) for 18 hrs. The cultures were frozen back at −80° C. in 20%glycerol. The DNA sequence of the cloned β-lactamase genes wasconfirmed. The β-lactamase gene expression in the recombinant E. colistrains was driven by the blaTEM-1 promoter in the pBR-CBST plasmid andwas characterized by MIC profiling of the E. coli recombinant strainsagainst comparator β-lactam/BLI combinations in broth microdilutionassay.

GenBank Accession β-Lactamase Name & SEQ. ID of Species Origin of Numberof Expressing plasmids producing β-Lactamase β-Lactamase β-LactamaseStrain β-Lactamase Class Gene Gene Sequence KPC-2 pBR-CBST-KPC-2 A K.pneumoniae EU784136 SEQ ID 6 CTX-M-15 pBR-CBST-CTX-M-15 A K. pneumoniaeJF775516 SEQ ID 7 SHV-12 pBR-CBST-SHV-12 A K. pneumoniae AY008838 SEQ ID8 P99 AmpC pBR-CBST-P99 AMPC C E. cloacea XO7274 SEQ ID 9 OXA-15pBR-CBST-OXA-15 D P. aeruginosa PAU63835 SEQ ID 10 KPC-4 pBR-CBST-KPC-4A K. pneumoniae EU447304 SEQ ID 11 DHA-1 pBR-CBST-DHA-1 C K. pneumoniaeAY585202 SEQ ID 12 ADC-33 pBR-CBST-ADC-33 C A. baumannii EU687478 SEQ ID13

Nucleotide Sequences of pBR-CBST Plasmids (Containing β-Lactamase or catGenes) Used in the E. coli Isogenic Strains (relevant restriction sitesare underlined; β-lactamase sequences in all caps, tetA sequence is initalics)

pBR-CBST-cat SEQ ID 5ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATACGGAATTTCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACTATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAGGCGCGCCATTTAAATGAAGTTCCTATTCCGAAGTTCCTATTCTCTAGggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaapBR-CBST-KPC-2 SEQ ID 6ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacg atcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaapBR-CBST-CTX-M-15 SEQ ID 7ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGGAATCTGTTAAATCAGCGAGTTGAGATCAAAAAATCTGACCTTGTTAACTATAATCCGATTGCGGAAAAGCACGTCAATGGGACGATGTCACTGGCTGAGCTTAGCGCGGCCGCGCTACAGTACAGCGATAACGTGGCGATGAATAAGCTGATTGCTCACGTTGGCGGCCCGGCTAGCGTCACCGCGTTCGCCCGACAGCTGGGAGACGAAACGTTCCGTCTCGACCGTACCGAGCCGACGTTAAACACCGCCATTCCGGGCGATCCGCGTGATACCACTTCACCTCGGGCAATGGCGCAAACTCTGCGGAATCTGACGCTGGGTAAAGCATTGGGCGACAGCCAACGGGCGCAGCTGGTGACATGGATGAAAGGCAATACCACCGGTGCAGCGAGCATTCAGGCTGGACTGCCTGCTTCCTGGGTTGTGGGGGATAAAACCGGCAGCGGTGGCTATGGCACCACCAACGATATCGCGGTGATCTGGCCAAAAGATCGTGCGCCGCTGATTCTGGTCACTTACTTCACCCAGCCTCAACCTAAGGCAGAAAGCCGTCGCGATGTATTAGCGTCGGCGGCTAAAATCGTCACCGACGGTTTGTAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaa pBR-CBST-SHV-12 SEQ ID 8ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGCGTTATATTCGCCTGTGTATTATCTCCCTGTTAGCCACCCTGCCGCTGGCGGTACACGCCAGCCCGCAGCCGCTTGAGCAAATTAAACAAAGCGAAAGCCAGCTGTCGGGCCGCGTAGGCATGATAGAAATGGATCTGGCCAGCGGCCGCACGCTGACCGCCTGGCGCGCCGATGAACGCTTTCCCATGATGAGCACCTTTAAAGTAGTGCTCTGCGGCGCAGTGCTGGCGCGGGTGGATGCCGGTGACGAACAGCTGGAGCGAAAGATCCACTATCGCCAGCAGGATCTGGTGGACTACTCGCCGGTCAGCGAAAAACACCTTGCCGAOGGCATGACGGTCGGCGAACTCTGCGCCGCCGCCATTACCATGAGCGATAACAGCGCCGCCAATCTGCTGCTGGCCACCGTCGGCGGCCCCGCAGGATTGACTGCCTTTTTGCGCCAGATCGGCGACAACGTCACCCGCCTTGACCGCTGGGAAACGGAACTGAATGAGGCGCTTCCCGGCGACGCCCGCGACACCACTACCCCGGCCAGCATGGCCGCGACCCTGCGCAAGCTGCTGACCAGCCAGCGTCTGAGCGCCCGTTCGCAACGGCAGCTGCTGCAGTGGATGGTGGACGATCGGGTCGCCGGACCGTTGATCCGCTCCGTGCTGCCGGCGGGCTGGTTTATCGCCGATAAGACCGGAGCTAGCAAGCGGGGTGCGCGCGGGATTGTCGCCCTGCTTGGCCCGAATAACAAAGCAGAGCGCATTGTGGTGATTTATCTGCGGGATACCCCGGCGAGCATGGCCGAGCGAAATCAGCAAATCGCCGGGATCGGCGCGGCGCTGATCGAGCACTGGCAACGCTAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatccttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacgggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccaggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaa pBR-CBST-P99 SEQ ID 9ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGATGAGAAAATCCCTTTGCTGCGCCCTGCTGCTCGGCATCTCTTGCTCTGCTCTCGCCACGCCAGTGTCAGAAAAACAGCTGGCGGAGGTGGTCGCGAATACGATTACCCCGCTGATGAAAGCCCAGTCTGTTCCAGGCATGGCGGTGGCCGTTATTTATCAGGGAAAACCGCACTATTACACATTTGGCAAGGCCGATATCGCGGCGAATAAACCCGTTACGCCTCAGACCCTGTTCGAGCTGGGTTCTATAAGTAAAACCTTCACCGGCGTTTTAGGTGGGGATGCCATTGCTCGCGGTGAAATTTCGCTGGACGATGCGGTGACCAGATACTGGCCACAGCTGACGGGCAAGCAGTGGCAGGGTATTCGTATGCTGGATCTCGCCACCTACACCGCTGGCGGCCTGCCGCTACAGGTACCGGATGAGGTCACGGATAACGCCTCCCTGCTGCGCTTTTATCAAAACTGGCAGCCGCAGTGGAAGCCTGGCACAACGCGTCTTTACGCCAACGCCAGCATCGGTCTTTTTGGTGCGCTGGCGGTCAAACCTTCTGGCATGCCCTATGAGCAGGCCATGACGACGCGGGTCCTTAAGCCGCTCAAGCTGGACCATACCTGGATTAACGTGCCGAAAGCGGAAGAGGCGCATTACGCCTGGGGCTATCGTGACGGTAAAGCGGTGCGCGTTTCGCCGGGTATGCTGGATGCACAAGCCTATGGCGTGAAAACCAACGTGCAGGATATGGCGAACTGGGTCATGGCAAACATGGCGCCGGAGAACGTTGCTGATGCCTCACTTAAGCAGGGCATCGCGCTGGCGCAGTCGCGCTACTGGCGTATCGGGTCAATGTATCAGGGTCTGGGCTGGGAGATGCTCAACTGGCCCGTGGAGGCCAACACGGTGGTCGAGGGCAGCGACAGTAAGGTAGCACTGGCGCCGTTGCCCGTGGCAGAAGTGAATCCACCGGCTCCCCCGGTCAAAGCGTCCTGGGTCCATAAAACGGGCTCTACTGGCGGGTTTGGCAGCTACGTGGCCTTTATTCCTGAAAAGCAGATCGGTATTGTGATGCTCGCGAATACAAGCTATCCGAACCCGGCACGCGTTGAGGCGGCATACCATATCCTCGAGGCGCTACAGTAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaapBR-CBST-OXA-15 SEQ ID 10ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGGCAATCCGAATCTTCGCGATACTTTTCTCCATTTTTTCTCTTGCCACTTTCGCGCATGCGCAAGAAGGCACGCTAGAACGTTCTGACTGGAGGAAGTTTTTCAGCGAATTTCAAGCCAAAGGCACGATAGTTGTGGCAGACGAACGCCAAGCGGATCGTGCCATGTTGGTTTTTGATCCTGTGCGATCGAAGAAACGCTACTCGCCTGCATCGACATTCAAGATACCTCATACACTTTTTGCACTTGATGCAGGCGCTGTTCGTGATGAGTTCCAGATTTTTCGATGGGACGGCGTTAACAGGGGCTTTGCAGGCCACAATCAAGACCAAGATTTGCGATCAGCAATGCGGAATTCTACTGTTTGGGTGTATGAGCTATTTGCAAAGGAAATTGGTGATGACAAAGCTCGGCGCTATTTGAAGAAAATCGACTATGGCAACGCCGGTCCTTCGACAAGTAATGGCGATTACTGGATAGAAGGCAGCCTTGCAATCTCGGCGCAGGAGCAAATTGCATTTCTCAGGAAGCTCTATCGTAACGAGCTGCCCTTTCGGGTAGAACATCAGCGCTTGGTCAAGGATCTCATGATTGTGGAAGCCGGTCGCAACTGGATACTGCGTGCAAAGACGGGCTGGGAAGGCCGTATGGGTTGGTGGGTAGGATGGGTTGAGTGGCCGACTGGCTCCGTATTCTTCGCACTGAATATTGATACGCCAAACAGAATGGATGATCTTTTCAAGAGGGAGGCAATCGTGCGGGCAATCCTTCGCTCTATTGAAGCGTTACCGCCCAACCCGGCAGTCAACTCGGACGCTGCGCGATAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctttgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgtttgcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaa pBR-CBST-KPC-4SEQ ID 11ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataa(aatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCGGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGGGTATGGCACCTGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtucgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtdggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaapBR-CBST-DHA-1 SEQ ID 12ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatacattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGAAAAAATCGTTATCTGCAACACTGATTTCCGCTCTGCTGGCGTTTTCCGCCCCGGGGTTTTCTGCCGCTGATAATGTCGCGGCGGTGGTGGACAGCACCATTAAACCGCTGATGGCACAGCAGGATATTCCCGGGATGGCGGTTGCCGTCTCCGTAAAGGGTAAGCCCTATTATTTCAATTATGGTTTTGCCGATATTCAGGCAAAACAGCCGGTCACTGAAAATACACTATTTGAGCTCGGATCTGTAAGTAAAACTTTCACAGGTGTGCTGGGTGCGGTTTCTGTGGCGAAAAAAGAGATGGCGCTGAATGATCCGGCGGCAAAATACCAGCCGGAGCTGGCTCTGCCGCAGTGGAAGGGGATCACATTGCTGGATCTGGCTACCTATACCGCAGGCGGACTGCCGTTACAGGTGCCGGATGCGGTAAAAAGCCGTGCGGATCTGCTGAATTTCTATCAGCAGTGGCAGCCGTCCCGGAAACCGGGCGATATGCGTCTGTATGCAAACAGCAGTATCGGCCTGTTTGGTGCTCTGACCGCAAACGCGGCGGGGATGCCGTATGAGCAGTTGCTGACTGCACGCATCCTGGCACCGCTGGGGTTATCTCACACCTTTATTACTGTGCCGGAAAGTGCGCAAAGCCAGTATGCGTACGGTTATAAAAACAAAAAACCGGTCCGCGTGTCGCCGGGACAGCTTGATGCGGAATCTTACGGCGTGAAATCCGCCTCAAAAGATATGCTGCGCTGGGCGGAAATGAATATGGAGCCGTCACGGGCCGGTAATGCGGATCTGGAAATGGCAATGTATCTCGCCCAGACCCGCTACTATAAAACCGCCGCGATTAACCAGGGGCTGGGCTGGGAAATGTATGACTGGCCGCAGCAGAAAGATATGATCATTAACGGTGTGACCAACGAGGTCGCATTGCAGCCGCATCCGGTAACAGACAACCAGGTTCAGCCGTATAACCGTGCTTCCTGGGTGCATAAAACGGGCGCAACAACTGGTTTCGGCGCCTATGTCGCCTTTATTCCGGAAAAACAGGTGGCGATTGTGATTCTGGCGAATAAAAACTACCCGAATACCGAAAGAGTCAAAGCTGCACAGGCTATTTTGAGTGCACTGGAATAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcg agtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatuctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaapBR-CBST-ADC-33 SEQ ID 13ttcttgaagacgaaagggcctcgtgatacgcctatttttataggttaatgtcatgataataatggtttcttagacgtcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgcggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatctcattcaaatatgtatccgctcatgagacaataaccctgataaatgcttcaataatattgaaaaaggaagagtcatATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCAGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCAATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCGACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTTCCAGATGAAGTAAAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAGGTTGTGGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGCCCITGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCATTTGGTTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGAGTTAACCGCGGCCCACTCGATGCCGCCCCTGCGTATGGCGTCAAATCGACACTACCCGACATGTTGAGTTTTATTCATGCCAACCTTAACCCACAGAAATATCCGGCTGATATTCAACGGGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGGCGCTATCAAGTAAATACCATGTATCAGGCACTCGGTTGGGAAGAGTTTTCTTATCCGGCAACGTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAGATTGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAGGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTACCATAAAACTGGCTCAACCAACGGTTTCGGAACGTATGTAGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAGCGCATTAAGGCAGCTTATGCTGTGCTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAAggatccctgtcagaccaagtttactcatatatactttagattgatttaaaacttcatttttaatttaaaaggatctaggtgaagatcctttttgataatctcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaagagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatttggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagutctccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaagggggatuctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcatgcgcacccgtggccaggacccaacgctgcccgagatgcgccgcgtgcggctgctggagatggcggacgcgatggatatgttctgccaagggttggtttgcgcattcacagttctccgcaagaattgattggctccaattcttggagtggtgaatccgttagcgaggtgccgccggcttccattcaggtcgaggtggcccggctccatgcaccgcgacgcaacgcggggaggcagacaaggtatagggcggcgcctacaatccatgccaacccgttccatgtgctcgccgaggcggcataaatcgccgtgacgatcagcggtccagtgatcgaagttaggctggtaagagccgcgagcgatccttgaagctgtccctgatggtcgtcatctacctgcctggacagcatggcctgcaacgcgggcatcccgatgccgccggaagcgagaagaatcataatggggaaggccatccagcctcgcgtcgcgaacgccagcaagacgtagcccagcgcgtcggccgccatgccggcgataatggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtggcgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggcgtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacaggccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggtcctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccggcacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaagacagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgccccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggattcacaggacgggtgtggtcgccatgatcgcgtagtcgatagtggctccaagtagcgaagcgagcaggactgggcggcggccaaagcggtcggacagtgctccgagaacgggtgcgcatagaaattgcatcaacgcatatagcgctagcagcacgccatagtgactggcgatgctgtcggaatggacgatatcccgcaagaggcccggcagtaccggcataaccaagcctatgcctacagcatccagggtgacggtgccgaggatgacgatgagcgcattgttagatttcatacacggtgcctgactgcgttagcaatttaactgtgataaactaccgcattaaagcttatcgatgataagctgtcaaacatgagaa

Example 100 Standard BLI Potentiation MIC Assay

The ability of compounds to potentiate the activity of β-lactams wasdemonstrated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)of β-lactam and BLI compound combinations against various β-lactamaseproducing bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method. Theexperimental protocol was performed according to Clinical and LaboratoryStandards Institute (CLSI) guidelines with modifications as describedbelow (CLSI guidelines can be derived from the CLSI document M07-A9published in January 2012: “Methods for Dilution AntimicrobialSusceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; ApprovedStandard-Ninth Edition”).

To prepare for MIC testing, frozen glycerol stocks of clinical isolates(Klebsiella pneumoniae, Eschericia coli, Enterobacter spp, Citrobacterspp, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used to streak for isolatedcolonies on rich, non-selective, tryptic soy agar containing 5% sheep'sblood (TSAB). Frozen glycerol stocks of laboratory engineered, isogenicE. coli strains, which contain cloned β-lactamase expressing plasmidswere used to streak for isolated colonies on rich, selective LB agarsupplemented with 25 μg/mL tetracycline to maintain the plasmid. Allstrains were incubated at 37° C. for 18-24 hrs.

On the day of testing, primary cultures were started by scraping off5-10 colonies from the TSAB plates containing clinical strains or thetetracycline supplemented LB plates containing engineered strains. Theclinical strain material was suspended in ˜5 mL of cation adjustedMueller Hinton Broth (CAMHB) in 14 mL culture tubes. The engineeredstrain material was suspended in CAMHB (supplemented with 25 μg/mLtetracycline) in 14 mL culture tubes. All strains were incubated at 37°C. with aeration (200 rpm) for ˜2 hrs until the optical density at 600nm (OD600) was ≧0.1.

The two compound components of the assay were each diluted in CAMHB andadded to the 96-well broth microdilution assay plates. 50 μL of theβ-lactam was added to each well of the assay plate in 2-fold dilutionswith final concentrations ranging from 128 to 0.13 μg/mL. 25 μL of theBLI compound was added to all wells in the broth microdilution plates ata final concentration of 4 μg/mL. Inoculum cultures were prepared bystandardizing the primary cultures to OD600=0.1 and then adding 20 μL ofthe adjusted primary culture per 1 mL CAMHB for clinical strains orCAMHB (supplemented with tetracycline at 100 μg/mL) for engineeredstrains, so that the final inoculum density was ˜10⁵ colony formingunits per milliliter. Diluted inoculum cultures were used to inoculate25 μL per well in 96-well broth microdilution assay plates. The finalvolume of each well was 100 μL and contained a β-lactam at differentconcentrations, a BLI compound at 4 μg/mL concentration, the bacterialculture at an OD600 of approximately 0.001 and when necessarytetracycline at 25 μg/mL.

Plates were incubated for 18-20 hours at 37° C. with aeration (200 rpm).Following incubation, growth was confirmed visually placing plates overa viewing apparatus (stand with a mirror underneath) and then OD600 wasmeasured using a SpectraMax 340PC384 plate reader (Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale, Calif.). Growth was defined as turbidity that could bedetected with the naked eye or achieving minimum OD600 of 0.1. MICvalues were defined as the lowest concentration producing no visibleturbidity.

MIC values of representative compounds are shown in Table II.

Example 101 Synergy MIC (sMIC) Assay

The synergy MIC (sMIC) assay determines the concentration of the BLIrequired to potentiate the activity of a fixed concentration of aβ-lactam antibiotic against β-lactamase producing bacterial strains. Theexperimental protocol was performed according to Clinical and LaboratoryStandards Institute (CLSI) guidelines with modifications as describedbelow (CLSI guidelines can be derived from the CLSI document M07-A9published in January 2012: “Methods for Dilution AntimicrobialSusceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; ApprovedStandard-Ninth Edition”). The assay is set-up by serially diluting theBLI across 11 of the 12 wells in each row of a 96-well brothmicrodilution assay plate, adding the β-lactam at a fixed concentrationto all wells in the assay plate, inoculating the assay plate withbacterial strains, and determining the lowest concentration of BLIrequired to inhibit overnight bacterial growth. Bacterial growth in the12^(th) well of the assay plate, which contains the β-lactam at a fixedconcentration but does not contain any BLI, demonstrates that thebacterial strains are resistant to the β-lactam antibiotic (e.gceftolozane) at the fixed concentration of 4 μg/mL.

To prepare for MIC testing, frozen glycerol stocks of clinical isolates(Klebsiella pneumoniae, Eschericia coli, Enterobacter spp, Citrobacterspp, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used to streak for isolatedcolonies on rich, non-selective, tryptic soy agar containing 5% sheep'sblood (TSAB). Frozen glycerol stocks of laboratory engineered, isogenicE. coli strains, which contain cloned β-lactamase expressing plasmidswere used to streak for isolated colonies on rich, selective LB agarsupplemented with 25 μg/mL tetracycline to maintain the plasmid. Allstrains were incubated at 37° C. for 18-24 hrs.

On the day of testing, primary cultures were started by scraping off5-10 colonies from the TSAB plates containing clinical strains or thetetracycline supplemented LB plates containing engineered strains. Theclinical strain material was suspended in ˜5 mL of cation adjustedMueller Hinton Broth (CAMHB) in 14 mL culture tubes. The engineeredstrain material was suspended in CAMHB (supplemented with tetracyclineat 25 μg/mL) in 14 mL culture tubes. All strains were incubated at 37°C. with aeration (200 rpm) for ˜2 hrs until the OD600 was ≧0.1.

The two compound components of the assay were each prepared in CAMHB andadded to the 96-well broth microdilution assay plates. 50 μL of the BLIwas added to each well of the assay plate in 2-fold dilutions with finalconcentrations ranging from 128 to 0.13 μg/mL. 25 μL of the β-lactam wasadded to all wells in the broth microdilution plates at a finalconcentration of 4 μg/mL. Inoculum cultures were prepared bystandardizing the primary cultures to OD600=0.1 and then adding 20 μL ofthe adjusted primary culture per 1 mL CAMHB for clinical strains orCAMHB (supplemented with tetracycline at 100 μg/mL) for isogenicstrains, so that the final inoculum density was ˜10⁵ colony formingunits per milliliter. Diluted inoculum cultures were used to inoculate25 μL per well in 96-well broth microdilution assay plates. The finalvolume of each well was 100 μL and contained a BLI at differentconcentrations, a β-lactam at 4 μg/mL concentration, the bacterialculture at an OD600 of approximately 0.001 and when necessarytetracycline at 25 ug/mL.

Interpreting the sMIC Data:

Plates were incubated for 18-20 hours at 37° C. with aeration (200 rpm).Following incubation, growth was confirmed visually placing plates overa viewing apparatus (stand with a mirror underneath) and then OD600 wasmeasured using a SpectraMax 340PC384 plate reader (Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale, Calif.). Growth was defined as turbidity that could bedetected with the naked eye or achieving minimum OD600 of 0.1. sMICvalues were defined as the lowest concentration producing no visibleturbidity.

The sMIC values represent the amount of BLI required to potentiate theactivity of 4 μg/ml of CXA-101 (Ceftolozane) or ceftazidime to inhibitthe growth of the β-lactamase producing bacteria.

sMIC values of representative compounds are shown in Table III.

Example 102 Inhibition Kinetics

Inhibition or inactivation of KPC-2 by test inhibitors was assessedusing 100 μM nitrocefin (NCF) as a reporter substrate. Assays wereperformed in 1×PBS pH 7.4, 0.1 mg/ml BSA, in 96-well half area plates,50 μl reaction volume. NCF was dissolved in DMSO and diluted in assaybuffer. Test inhibitors were dissolved in water or DMSO and seriallydiluted in the assay with final concentrations between 2000-0.195 μM.The enzyme activity in the presence of varying concentrations of testinhibitor was determined by monitoring the hydrolysis of NCFspectrophotometrically at 486 nm, for 5 minutes, 25° C., using aSpectraMax Plus384 microplate reader with SoftMax Pro software(Molecular Devices). Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism(GraphPad Software, Inc.).

Progress curves were fit to a first-order rate decay equation (Eq. 1) todetermine k_(observed) (k_(obs)).k_(obs) vs. inhibitor concentration [I] curves were then fit to Eq.2 todetermine the inhibitor dissociation constant (K) and the first orderrate constant of enzyme inactivation at infinite inhibitor concentration(k_(inact)). Table IV shows kinetics results from representative testcompounds. A larger k_(inact)/K ratio indicates a more effective enzymeinactivator.

Y _(t) =V ₀*(1−e ^((−k) ^(obs) ^(*t)))/k _(obs)  Eq. 1

Where Y is the absorbance at time t, V_(o) is the uninhibited enzymevelocity, k_(obs) is the observed rate constant of the enzymeinactivation.

k _(obs) =k _(inact) *[I]/([I]+K(1+S/K _(m)))  Eq. 2

Where S is the NCF concentration, K_(m) is the KPC-2 K_(m) for NCF.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice of theinvention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spiritof the invention being indicated by the following claims.

1. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of claim 1 and at least 1 β-lactamantibiotic.
 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein theβ-lactam antibiotic is a cephalosporin.
 4. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 3 wherein the cephalosporin is Ceftolozane.
 5. Thepharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein the β-lactam antibiotic isa carbapenem.
 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein theβ-lactam antibiotic is a monobactam.
 7. A method of treating orpreventing a bacterial infection comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof a therapeutically-effective amount of the pharmaceuticalcomposition according to claim
 2. 8. A method of treating a bacterialinfection comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, atherapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic in conjunctionwith a compound of claim
 1. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein theβ-lactam antibiotic is a cephalosporin.
 10. The method of claim 9wherein the cephalosporin is Ceftolozane.
 11. The method of claim 8wherein the β-lactam antibiotic is a carbapenem.
 12. The method of claim8 wherein the β-lactam antibiotic is a monobactam.
 13. The method ofclaim 8 wherein the bacterial infection is caused by bacteria thatproduce a class A, class C or class D β-lactamase.
 14. The method ofclaim 13 wherein the bacterial infection is caused by bacteria thatproduce a class A or class C β-lactamase.
 15. The method of claim 13wherein the bacterial infections is caused by bacteria selected fromAcinetobacter spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter spp.,Escherichia spp., Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Morganellamorganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Klebsiellapneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacteraerogenes Pasteurella spp, Proteus spp., Proteus mirabilis, Serratiaspp, Serratia marcescens, and Providencia spp.
 16. The method of claim13 wherein the bacterial infection is caused by bacteria that produce aKPC-2 or KPC-3 β-lactamase.
 17. The method of claim 13 wherein thebacterial infection is caused by bacteria that produce an OXA-15β-lactamase.
 18. The method of claim 8 wherein the bacterial infectionis caused by β-lactam resistant bacteria.
 19. A method of treating abacterial infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising the stepsof a. administering to the subject a compound of claim 1; and b.administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of aβ-lactam antibiotic.
 20. A method of treating a bacterial infection in asubject in need thereof, comprising the steps of a. administering to thesubject a therapeutically-effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic; andb. administering to the subject a compound of claim
 1. 21. A method ofinhibiting β-lactamase comprising administering to a subject a compoundof claim 1.